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《高级英语》精品课程第二册绍兴文理学院元培学院LessonFourInauguralAddressTeachingObjectives1)Toacquaintstudentswiththehistoricalbackgroundofthespeech2)Toenablethemtograspthefeaturesofapoliticalspeech3)Tohelpthemanalyzethestructureandappreciatethelanguageofthetextstudent’spresentationonJ.F.Kennedy•Focus:•1)What’sspecialaboutJ.F.Kennedy?•2)Whatproblemsdidhefaceasapresident?PulitzerPrizeassassinationNavyNote.在肯尼迪竞选总统时，曾因其罗马天主教信仰而不断受到攻击。许多人认为，在肯尼迪对国家的忠诚和对教会的虔诚之间，将不可避免地发生冲突。他反复强调“没有任何天主教的高级教士会在这个国度里对总统指手画脚、发号施令”。MarilynMonroeassassinationPulitzerPrizeassassinationNavyyoungestRomanCatholicPulitzerPrizeStrangecoincidencesbetweenAbrahamLincolnandJ.F.K•AbrahamLincolnwaselectedtoCongressin1846.•J.F.K……in1946.•LincolnwaselectedPresidentin1860.•J.F.K.….in1960.•Bothoftheirnamescontain7letters.•Bothwereparticularlyconcernedwithcivilrights.•Lincoln’ssecretarywasnamedKennedy.•Kennedy’ssecretarywasnamedLincoln.•BothwiveslosttheirchildrenwhilelivingintheWhiteHouse.•BothwereassassinatedonaFriday.•BothwereassassinatedbySoutherners.•Bothassassinswereknownbytheirthreenames.•Bothnamescomprise15letters.•Bothranfromthetheatreandwascaughtinawarehouse.•Bothwereassassinatedbeforetheirtrials.•BothweresucceededbySoutherners.•BothsuccessorswerenamedJohnson.contributions•1.demandedonOct.22,1962.:USSRdismantleditsmissilebasesinCuba•2.establishedaquarantineofarmsshipmentstoCubaandcontinuedsurveillancebyair•3.backedcivilrights,amentalhealthprogram,expandedmedicalcarefortheaged,astronautflightsandsatelliteorbiting•美国历史上第一次公开主张结束族隔离的总统inaugurationdayandpresidentialoath•First:April30,1789,GeorgeWashington•Since1937,hasbeenchangedtoJan,20•Theoathrunsasfollows:“IdosolemnlyswearthatIwillfaithfullyexecutetheofficeofpresidentoftheUnitedStates,andwilltothebestofmyability,preserve,protectanddefendtheconstitutionoftheUnitedStates.”Inauguraladdress•aspeechofficiallymadebyapersonontakingoffice•Memorablewordshavebeenutteredininauguraladdress.•In1933,FranklinD.RoosevelttoldDepression-rackedAmericansthat“theonlythingwehavetofearisfearitself”.Generalunderstandingofthespeech•Purpose:•Theaimofapoliticalspeechistoexplain,convinceandpersuadethepeoplethatwhatheissayingandplanningtodobestrepresentstheirinterestssotheyshouldsupporthim.•Audience:•AspresidentoftheUnitedStates,Kennedyhastoaddressaworldwideaudience.HehastoappealnotonlytotheAmericanpeoplebutalsotothedifferentgroupsofnationsintheinternationalcommunity.•Message:•Themessageinthespeechisclear.TheUnitedStates,theself-appointedleaderofthe“freedemocracies”,ispreparedtopayanypricetodefendhumanrightsandthelibertyandindependenceoffreenations,sothesenationsshouldsupportandaccepttheleadershipoftheUnitedStates.Thereisveiledthreat,warningandadvicetotheenemycamp.TextualStructurePara1-5:generalstatementofbasicpolicyPara6-10:addressingdifferentgroupsofalliednationsorwould-benationsPara11-20:addressinghisenemywiththreatandwarningPara21-27:appealingtohiscountrymenforsupportandsacrificeDetailedstudyofthetext:•Para1openingparagraph•importance/significanceofhiselectionaspresidentoftheUS•1.observe•2.celebrate•Freedom:•PeopleintheUSarefreetochoosetheirpresident.•Antithesis:•end--theendofEisenhower'spresidentialterm•beginning--thebeginningofKennedy’spresidentialterm•renewal----thecontinuationoftheancestors’policy•change–changeofsomepoliciessolemn–---referalmostexclusivetoanextremelyformalandinspiringreligiousritual.(grave)veryserious.–a~oath庄严的誓言–a~dedicationtothecauseoffreedom–为自由事业而忠贞不渝的献身prescribe---setdown/impose–Whatpunishmentdoesthelawprescribeforthiscrime?–Governmentschoolsmustworkforaprescribednumberofdayseachyear.–Goodcitizensdowhatthelawsprescribe.–Someonewhobehavesasfoolishlyasyouhavenorighttoprescribehowothersshouldbehave.Para.2•thegeneralsituationofthisworld•topicsentence---Theworldisverydifferent.•Inwhatwayistheworlddifferent?•Theworldisdifferentinthewayofscienceandtechnology.Peoplehavemodernandadvancedscienceandtechnology.thepower--•thepowerofscienceandtechnology–withthehelpofscienceandtechnology•1.Peoplecanbecomeveryrich.•2.Peoplecanbeexterminated.–Sciencecanbeusedtogetridofpoverty.–Sciencecanbeusedtodestroyallhumanbeings.revolutionarybelief---•humanrights–AllmenwerecreatedequalandGodhadgiventhemcertainunalienablerightswhichnostateorrulercouldtakeawayfromthem.–see:Note3atissue---•undecided,indispute–Thepointatissueiswhetheryouarewillingtogoabroadornot.–Thatisnotthepointatissue.Para.3•generalpolicyoftheUS–PeopleintheUSmustkeepanddefendhumanrightsnotonlyintheUSbutalsointheworldaswell.torch•TheoriginalreferenceistotheOlympicgamesbeforewhichatorchiscarriedfromrunnertorunner.TheflameofthetorcheventuallylightsafirethatsignalstheopeningofOlympics.•Thisreferstotheprivilegeandburdenofleadingthenationbeingpassedtoanewgeneration.•metaphor•Idealandresponsibility---ofkeepinghumanrights•temper:vt.Tostrengthenthroughexperienceorhardshipyoungsoldierstemperedbyrigorousexercisesoldierswhohadbeentemperedbycombat.vt.冶炼Steelistemperedbyheatingitandworkingittillithastheproperdegreeofhardnessandtoughness.It’sanewprocessoftemperingstill.•discipline:vt.Train