英语高考总复习人教版必修一语法专题(二)定语从句英语高考总复习人教版必修一关系词类别关系词先行词充当从句的句子成分关系代词who人主、宾、表whom人宾which物主、宾、表that人或物主、宾、表as人或物主、宾、表whose人或物定关系副词when时间词状where地点词状whyreason状英语高考总复习人教版必修一一、关系词关系词通常有三个作用:引导定语从句;指代先行词;在定语从句中充当句子成分。英语高考总复习人教版必修一1.指人时,who和that都可以使用,但先行词是anyone,those,he时,一般用who。这样考过①(江西临川二中)Theemployersoftengivethejobto________theybelievehaveworkexperiencewithastrongsenseofduty.A.whoeverB.whomeverC.whoD.thosewho答案:D英语高考总复习人教版必修一②(江苏姜堰中学)—Yousee,youseemtohavedonetoobadlyinpracticingplayingbasketball.—Yeah,but________,soIthinkitdoesn'tmatteratall.A.hethatclimbshighfallsheavilyB.hewhodoesnotadvancelosesgroundC.hewhomakesnomistakesmakesnothingD.heknowsmostwhospeaksleast英语高考总复习人教版必修一解析:据句意表泛指的he作先行词,由who引导定语从句。不犯错误的人也做不成任何事。故选C。答案:C英语高考总复习人教版必修一2.who和whom都可以作从句宾语,但从句中的介词提前时,不能用who。这样考过③(江苏武进区四校联考)Sheisahelpfulneighbor,________allofuswillalwaysadoreandbethankfulto.A./B.thatC.theonewhomD.onewhom答案:D英语高考总复习人教版必修一④(全国Ⅰ)Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneof________Ihadevermetbefore.A.themB.whoC.whomD.these解析:句意:她带了三个朋友过来,没有一个是我曾经见过的。此题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词是herthreefriends,代入定语从句后为:Ihadevermetnone_of_her_three_friends.而介词后指人时用关系代词whom。答案:C英语高考总复习人教版必修一3.whose用来指人或物,只用作定语。这样考过⑤(北京海淀区)Lastweek,wewatchedBeijingOpera,________stylewasunfamiliartomostofus.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.whose解析:先行词是京剧,后面用定语从句修饰。京剧的风格为我们中大多数人不熟悉,因此选whose。答案:D英语高考总复习人教版必修一⑥(安徽)Manychildren,________parentsareawayworkinginbigcities,aretakengoodcareofinthevillage.A.theirB.whoseC.ofthemD.withwhom解析:句意:很多小孩在村里都得到了很好的照顾,他们的父母亲远在大城市里打工。whose引导非限制性定语从句。A项their和C项ofthem不能连接从句,可以排除;选withwhom会导致句意混乱。答案:B英语高考总复习人教版必修一⑦(北京西城区抽样测试)Justlikeavoyageatsea,ourlifejourney,________daysarelimited,isfullofdifficulties.A.whichB.thatC.itsD.whose解析:由句意:人生旅途如航海一样,时光有限,且充满艰辛。whose引导非限制性定语从句,修饰journey,作定语从句的定语,故选D。答案:D英语高考总复习人教版必修一4.which和that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词。这样考过⑧(南通调研)Youngpeoplewhohavegotjobsmayrealizeuniversitylessonscan'tbetheonlypreparationforallofthesituations________appearintheworkingworld.A.whereB.whenC.thatD.what英语高考总复习人教版必修一解析:由句子结构知空格处应填一个关系代词,引导定语从句修饰先行词situations,且在定语从句中作主语,故选that。答案:C英语高考总复习人教版必修一5.先行词是物时that和which一般可以互换使用,但有时不可换用。(1)下列场合一般只用that:①先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none等不定代词。英语高考总复习人教版必修一这样考过⑨(衡水中学)Theywentonwellatfirstbuteventuallyeverything________theyhadworriedabouthappened.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.when解析:由句中知先行词为不定代词everything,选C。答案:C英语高考总复习人教版必修一⑩(南昌调研)Youcanonlybesureofall________youhaveatpresent;youcannotbesureofsomething________youmightgetinthefuture.A.that;whatB.that;/C.which;thatD.what;that解析:第一空的先行词为all,后面应该用that引导定语从句;第二空的先行词something暗示应该用that,但因为此处that在从句中作宾语,故可以省略。答案:B英语高考总复习人教版必修一②当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级时或先行词被形容词最高级以及first,last,any,only,few,much,no,some,very等词修饰时。这样考过⑪(宁波联考)—Doyouagreewithherideasatthemeeting?—Absolutely,whatshe'sjustsaidistheveryidea________Iwanttoexpress.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.why英语高考总复习人教版必修一解析:定语从句缺少宾语且先行词前面有thevery修饰时,关系代词只用that不用which。答案:A英语高考总复习人教版必修一③先行词有两个,一个指人,另一个指物。可能这样考⑫Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what解析:things和persons是先行词。当定语从句要修饰的先行词既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that。答案:B英语高考总复习人教版必修一④主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句。⑤当先行词由theonly,thevery,few,little,no,all等修饰时。⑥当先行词在主句中作表语时,而关系代词在从句中作表语时。(2)下列场合不能使用that:①在非限制性定语从句中(指人时使用who或whom,指物时使用which)。英语高考总复习人教版必修一这样考过⑬(济南模拟)WewenttoMountainTailastweekend,________,notsurprisingly,wascrowdedwithvisitors.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when英语高考总复习人教版必修一解析:句意为:我们上个周末去了泰山,并不奇怪的是,那里挤满了游客。分析句子成分可知,所填的关系词引导非限制性定语从句,修饰MountainTai,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故应用which来引导。where引导定语从句时,在从句中作地点状语。that引导限制性定语从句,且在从句中作主语、宾语等。when引导定语从句时,先行词应为表示时间的词,且在定语从句中作时间状语。由语境可知B项正确。答案:B英语高考总复习人教版必修一②在“介词+关系代词”结构中(指人时使用whom,指物时使用which)。这样考过⑭(福州质检)Therearealtogetherfiftysixstudentsinourclass,________isanewcomerfromafarawaymountainvillage.A.themosthardworkingofwhoB.ofwhomthemosthardworkingC.themosthardworkingofthemD.butthemosthardworkingofwhom英语高考总复习人教版必修一解析:根据句意及句型结构,应为B项,属介词前置的定语从句。A项who前不能有介词;C项them不能引导定语从句;D项有连词but不再是定语从句,因此不能用whom。答案:B英语高考总复习人教版必修一⑮(潍坊质检)Safetyinschoolhasbeenofgreatconcernbecauseoffrequentreportsaboutaccidents________studentsgotinjuredorkilledwhileinschool.A.inwhichB.forwhichC.whichD.when解析:该句中的accidents为先行词,inwhich引导定语从句,相当于where,作从句的地点状语。句意为“由于不断有校园伤害或死亡的报道,校园安全已成为了一个重要问题。”故选A。答案:A英语高考总复习人教版必修一6.当先行词指时间、地点、原因(thereason)时,如果关系词在从句中作状语,用when,where,why。这样考过⑯(重庆)Lifeislikealongrace________wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.A.whyB.whatC.thatD.where英语高考总复习人教版必修一解析:句意:生活像长跑比赛,我们与其他人竞争以超越自我。本题考查定语从句。先行词为race,代入定语从句后为:wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselvesinthelongrace。由此可见,inthelongrace在定语从句中作状语,且不表示原因(排除A项),故D项正确。答案:D英语高考总复习人教版必修一⑰(浙江)Ihavereachedapointinmylife________Iamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.A.whichB.whereC.howD.why解析:句意:我已经到了应该自己作决定的那个人生阶段。where引导定语从句修饰先行词point。答案:B英语高考总复习人教版必修一⑱(福建)It'shelpfultoputchildreninasituation________theycanseethemselvesdifferently.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.where英语高考总复习人教版必修一解析:句意:把孩子放在一个能使他们从另外一个角度认识自己的环境中对他们有益。本题考查定语从句,先行词是situation,代入定语从句后为:Theycanseethemselvesdifferentlyin_the_situation.由此可见,先行词在定语从句中作状语,故用关系副词;而when表“时间”,不合本题要求,只有w