36运营管理12-存货管理

12–1OperationsManagementOperationsManagementChapter12–InventoryManagementChapter12–InventoryManagementPowerPointpresentationtoaccompanyPowerPointpresentationtoaccompanyHeizer/RenderHeizer/RenderPrinciplesofOperationsManagement,6ePrinciplesofOperationsManagement,6eOperationsManagement,8eOperationsManagement,8e12–2OutlineOutline

GlobalCompanyProfile:GlobalCompanyProfile:Amazon.ComAmazon.Com

FunctionsOfInventoryFunctionsOfInventory

TypesofInventoryTypesofInventory

InventoryManagementInventoryManagement

ABCAnalysisABCAnalysis

RecordAccuracyRecordAccuracy

CycleCountingCycleCounting

ControlofServiceInventoriesControlofServiceInventories12–3OutlineOutline––ContinuedContinued

InventoryModelsInventoryModels

IndependentversusDependentIndependentversusDependentDemandDemand

Holding,Ordering,andSetupCostsHolding,Ordering,andSetupCosts12–4OutlineOutline––ContinuedContinued

InventoryModelsForIndependentInventoryModelsForIndependentDemandDemand

BasicEconomicOrderQuantityBasicEconomicOrderQuantity(EOQ)Model(EOQ)Model

MinimizingCostsMinimizingCosts

ReorderPointsReorderPoints

ProductionOrderQuantityModelProductionOrderQuantityModel

QuantityDiscountModelsQuantityDiscountModels12–5OutlineOutline––ContinuedContinued

ProbabilisticModelsandSafetyProbabilisticModelsandSafetyStockStock

OtherProbabilisticModelsOtherProbabilisticModels

FixedFixed--Period(P)SystemsPeriod(P)Systems12–6LearningObjectivesLearningObjectivesWhenyoucompletethischapter,youWhenyoucompletethischapter,youshouldbeableto:shouldbeableto:IdentifyorDefine:IdentifyorDefine:

ABCanalysisABCanalysis

RecordaccuracyRecordaccuracy

CyclecountingCyclecounting

IndependentanddependentIndependentanddependentdemanddemand

Holding,ordering,andsetupHolding,ordering,andsetupcostscosts12–7LearningObjectivesLearningObjectivesWhenyoucompletethischapter,youWhenyoucompletethischapter,youshouldbeableto:shouldbeableto:DescribeorExplain:DescribeorExplain:

ThefunctionsofinventoryandThefunctionsofinventoryandbasicinventorymodelsbasicinventorymodels12–8Amazon.comAmazon.com

Amazon.comAmazon.comstartedasastartedasa““virtualvirtual””retailerretailer––noinventory,nonoinventory,nowarehouses,nooverhead;justwarehouses,nooverhead;justcomputerstakingorderstobefilledcomputerstakingorderstobefilledbyothersbyothers

GrowthhasforcedGrowthhasforcedAmazon.comAmazon.comtotobecomeaworldleaderinbecomeaworldleaderinwarehousingandinventorywarehousingandinventorymanagementmanagement12–9Amazon.comAmazon.com1.1.EachorderisassignedbycomputertoEachorderisassignedbycomputertotheclosestdistributioncenterthathastheclosestdistributioncenterthathastheproduct(s)theproduct(s)2.2.AA““flowmeisterflowmeister””ateachdistributionateachdistributioncenterassignsworkcrewscenterassignsworkcrews3.3.LightsindicateproductsthataretobeLightsindicateproductsthataretobepickedandthelightisresetpickedandthelightisreset4.4.Itemsareplacedincratesonaconveyor.Itemsareplacedincratesonaconveyor.Barcodescannersscaneachitem15Barcodescannersscaneachitem15timestovirtuallyeliminateerrors.timestovirtuallyeliminateerrors.12–10Amazon.comAmazon.com5.5.CratesarriveatcentralpointwhereitemsCratesarriveatcentralpointwhereitemsareboxedandlabeledwithnewbarcodeareboxedandlabeledwithnewbarcode6.6.Giftwrappingisdonebyhandat30Giftwrappingisdonebyhandat30packagesperhourpackagesperhour7.7.Completedboxesarepacked,taped,Completedboxesarepacked,taped,weighedandlabeledbeforeleavingweighedandlabeledbeforeleavingwarehouseinatruckwarehouseinatruck8.8.OrderarrivesatcustomerwithinaweekOrderarrivesatcustomerwithinaweek12–11InventoryInventory

OneofthemostexpensiveassetsOneofthemostexpensiveassetsofmanycompaniesrepresentingasofmanycompaniesrepresentingasmuchas50%oftotalinvestedmuchas50%oftotalinvestedcapitalcapital

OperationsmanagersmustbalanceOperationsmanagersmustbalanceinventoryinvestmentandcustomerinventoryinvestmentandcustomerserviceservice12–12FunctionsofInventoryFunctionsofInventory1.1.TodecoupleorseparatevariousTodecoupleorseparatevariouspartsoftheproductionprocesspartsoftheproductionprocess2.2.TodecouplethefirmfromTodecouplethefirmfromfluctuationsindemandandfluctuationsindemandandprovideastockofgoodsthatwillprovideastockofgoodsthatwillprovideaselectionforcustomersprovideaselectionforcustomers3.3.TotakeadvantageofquantityTotakeadvantageofquantitydiscountsdiscounts4.4.TohedgeagainstinflationTohedgeagainstinflation12–13TypesofInventoryTypesofInventory

RawmaterialRawmaterial

PurchasedbutnotprocessedPurchasedbutnotprocessed

WorkWork--inin--processprocess

UndergonesomechangebutnotcompletedUndergonesomechangebutnotcompleted

AfunctionofcycletimeforaproductAfunctionofcycletimeforaproduct

Maintenance/repair/operating(MRO)Maintenance/repair/operating(MRO)

NecessarytokeepmachineryandprocessesNecessarytokeepmachineryandprocessesproductiveproductive

FinishedgoodsFinishedgoods

CompletedproductawaitingshipmentCompletedproductawaitingshipment12–14TheMaterialFlowCycleTheMaterialFlowCycleFigure12.1Figure12.1InputInputWaitforWaitforWaittoWaittoMoveMoveWai