专四完型填空及答案《完美》

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2000年一.Thedifferencebetweenaliquidandagasisobvious(26)theconditionsoftemperatureandpressurecommonlyfoundatthesurfaceoftheEarth.Aliquidcanbekeptinanopencontainerand(27)ittothelevelofafreesurface.Agasformsnofreesurfacebut(28)todiffusethroughoutthespaceavailable;itmust(29)bekeptinaclosedcontainer,as(30)aplanet'satmosphere.Thedistinctionwasaprominentfeatureofearlytheories(31)thephasesofmatter.Inthenineteenthcentury,forexample,onetheorymaintainedthataliquidcouldbedissolvedinavaporwithoutlosingitsidentity,andanothertheoryheldthatthetwophasesare(32)differentkindsofmolecules(分子).Thetheoriesnowprevailing(33)aquitedifferentapproachbyemphasizingwhatliquidsandgaseshaveincommon.Theyarebothformsofmatterthathavenopermanentstructureandtheybothfloweasilly.Theyarefluids.The(34)similarlyofliquidsandgasesbecomesclearlyapparentwhenthetemperatureandpressureareraisedsomewhat.(35)Aclosedcontainerpartiallyfilledwithaliquidisheated.Theliquidexpandsor(36)becomeslessdense;someofitevaporates.(37),thevaporabovetheliquidsurfacebecomesdenserastheevaporatedmoleculesareaddedtoit.Thecombinationoftemperatureanddpressure(38)thedensitiesbecomeequalis(39)thecriticalpoint.Abovethecriticalpointtheliquidandthegascannolongerbe(40);thereisasingle,undifferentiatedfluidphaseofuniformdensity.26.A.in27.A.fillsB.befilled28.A.intends29.A.however30.A.intheeventoftoA.havingdescribedB.32.A.madeupofD.33.A.applyB34.A.elementaryD.35.A.SupposeD.36.A.inawordB.inthemeantimeC.inotherwordsD.inthatc37.A.Similarly38.A.onthat39.A.known40.A.classifiedD.Distinguished短文大意:这篇文章介绍了气体与液体的特性及相关理论。26.答案:B【试题分析】本题考查对固定搭配的掌握。【详细解答】under与condition搭配,表示“在……条件或状况下”;on与condition搭配,表示“在……条件下”;in与condition构成习惯短语,表示“身体状况良好”,而beoutofcondition”则表示“身体状况不好”。这里是说“在地球表面通常的温度和压强条件下……”,故选项B为正确答案。27.答案:A【试题分析】本题为语法题,考查对句子结构的理解。【详细解答】由于所填词前有and这一并列连词,这里缺少一个谓语与前面的“canbe”并列。谓语动词fill意思是“使……充满”,具有使动意义,其后直接跟宾语,故选项A是正确答案。28.答案:B【试题分析】本题为动词词义辨析题。【详细解答】intend意为“打算,意图”,主语通常是人;tend意为“有……倾向”,后接不定式,主语可以是人也可以是物;incline意为“使(某人)倾向于,使(某人)有意思(做某事)”,常用于被动语态beinclinedto;contend意为“争夺;争辩”。这里是说“但(气体)往往会扩散到任何可能的空间”,故选项B为正确答案。29.答案:D【试题分析】本题为语法题,考查连词的用法。【详细解答】however表转折意为“然而”;nevertheless也表转折,意为“然而”;so表结果,但常放于句首;therefore表结果,意为“因此,所以”。这里是说气体容易扩散,所以必须保存在密闭的容器里。因此此处需要一个表结果关系的连词,故选项D为正确答案。30.答案:B【试题分析】本题考查对固定搭配的掌握。【详细解答】intheeventof表示“如果发生……,万一……”;inthecaseof表示“在……的情况下,就……而言”;withaviewof或者withaviewto,意思是“以……为目的;为……起见”;withreferenceto意思是“关于”。根据上下文,这里是说“必须将气体存放在一个密封的容器里,如同一颗行星的大气一样。”故选项B为正确答案。31.答案:C【试题分析】本题为语法题,考查对非谓语动词的掌握。【详细解答】本句中的describe的逻辑主语为theories,故应用现在分词。同时,describe这一动作只说明一种事实,并不与其他动词作时间上的先后比较,不必用完成式。故选项C为正确答案。32.答案:A【试题分析】本题为短语词义与用法辨析题。【详细解答】consistof一般用主动式;bemadefrom一般指某种产品由某种材料制成(但从外表上看不出原材料);bemadeupof表示“由……组成”。根据上下文理解,此处要求填一“由……组成”的短语,故选项C为正确答案。33.答案:C【试题分析】本题考查对固定搭配的掌握。【详细解答】apply意为“应用”;adapt意为“使适应”;conduct意为“指导;处理”,均不能与approach搭配。takeapproach为固定搭配,意思是“采用……方法”,符合句意。34.答案:D【试题分析】本题为形容词词义辨析题。【详细解答】elementary意为“初步的,基本的”,指事物处于基础的或开始的阶段;crucial意为“极紧要的,决定性的”;rudimentary意为“基本的,初步的”;fundamental意为“基础的,十分重要的”。文中说“液体与气体之间的根本相似性在温度和压强有所提高时变得十分明显。”故选项D最合题意。35.答案:A【试题分析】本题为语法题,考查动词的特殊用法。【详细解答】suppose后常接一个省略了that的宾语从句,表示“假定,假设……”,用来展开说明。36.答案:C【试题分析】本题考查关联词的用法。【详细解答】inaword表示对上文的总结;inthemeantime表示“同时”;inthatcase表示“在那种情况下”;inotherwords意为“换句话说”。上文的“expands”和后文“becomeslessdense”的意思一致,后一句是为了解释说明前一句,故用inotherwords。37.答案:B【试题分析】本题考查语篇分析能力。【详细解答】similarly意为“同样的”;furthermore意为“而且”,表示更进一步的关系;instead意为“相反,反而”,表对比关系,一般针对相同人、事情或行为。上文说当加热的时候,液体蒸发变得稀薄,而下文说气体因为蒸汽分子的加入而变得稠密,因此两句之间存在明显对比关系,只有incontrast最合题意。38.答案:D【试题分析】本题考查关系词的用法。【详细解答】本句子意为“使液体和气体密度相同的那个状态下的温度和压力被称作临界点。”句中的“temperatureandpressure”是先行词,需要一个关系词引导一个定语从句修饰先行词。特定数值的temperature和pressure与at搭配意为“在某个温度和压力下”。由于that引导定语从句时前面不能有介词,所以正确答案是D。39.答案:C【试题分析】本题为动词词义及用法辨析题。【详细解答】known的常用结构是beknowntobe或beknownas;defined常用结构是bedefinedas;referto意为“提到,说起”,不用于被动语态;只有called后可直接接主语补语。40.答案:D【试题分析】本题为动词词义及用法辨析题。【详细解答】classify指对某种对象进行“分类”;category指将某类事物“归类”;recognise表示“识别”;distinguish表示“区分”。根据句意,“在临界点之上时,气体和液体就很难再区分开来”,选项D为正确答案。Thetranslatormusthaveanexcellent,up-to-dateknowledgeofhissourcelanguages,fullfacilityinthehandlingofhistargetlanguage,whichwillbehismothertongueorlanguageofhabitual(26)andaknowledgeandunderstandingofthelatestsubject-Thisis,asitwere,hisprofessionalequipment.(27)this,itisdesirablethatheshouldhaveaninquiringmind,wideinterests,agoodmemoryandtheabilitytograspquicklythebasicprinciplesofnewdevelopments.Heshouldbewillingtowork(28)isown,oftenathighspeeds,butshouldbehumbleenoughtoconsultothers(29)hisownknowledgenotalwaysproveadequatetothetaskinhand.Heshouldbeabletotypefairlyquicklyandaccuratelyand,ifheisworkingmainlyforpublication,shouldhavemorethananodding(30)withprintingtechniquesandproof-reading.Ifheisworkingbasicallyasaninformationtranslator,letussay,foranindustrialfirm,heshouldhavetheflexibilityofmindtoenablehimto(31)rapidlyfromonesourcelanguagetoanother,aswellasfromonesubject-mattertoanother,sincethisabilityisfrequently(32)ofhiminsuchwork.Bearinginmindthenatureofthetranslator’sworksite.Theprocessingofthewrittenword,itis,strictlyspeaking,(33)thatheshouldbeabletospeakthelanguageheis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