下学期v-ing

非谓语动词过去分词不定式-ing形式非谓语动词他正在找一个住的房间。Heislookingforaroomtolivein.这是我父亲画的画。Thisisapicturepaintedbymyfather.Thisisapicturethatwaspaintedbymyfather.DatingbacktotheQinDynasty，thetraditionalcrosstalkshowshavemadepeoplealloverchinaroarwithlaughterforcenturies.thetraditionalcrosstalkshowsdatebacktotheQinDynasty语态主动式被动式肯定式否定式肯定式否定式一般时Doing完成时Havingdone分词=现在分词(doing)+过去分词(done)现在分词的结构NotdoingNothavingdoneBeingdoneHavingbeendoneNotbeingdoneNothavingbeendone动词的-ing形式（I）动名词作主语，宾语，定语,表语。现在分词作状语，宾语补足语，定语,表语。1.作主语:Answeringthequestionisdifficult.it可以代替不定式作形式主语，但很少代替动名词作形式主语。一般只局限于下列结构：Itisnogood/usedoingsth.做...没好处/没用。Itisnousediscussingthequestionwithhim.2.作宾语(1)一些动词只能加动名词作宾语:enjoy,finish,suggest,dislike,feellike,imagine,mind,practise,avoid,appreciate;begoodat,getdownto,can'thelp(忍不住),beusedto,delay等.Canyouimaginehisclimbingupsotallatree?(2)有些动词加动名词和不定式意思差不多begin,start,like,love,continue(继续),prefer.Ilove/liketoreadChinaDaily/readingChinaDaily.(3)在下列词后加动名词和不定式有区别:trytodosth.努力;试图trydoingsth.做某事试一试regret/consider/mean/remember/forget(4)在allow,permit,advise等的后面,如果有宾语sb,则后加todo不定式,否则加动名词作宾语Theydon'tallowsmokingintheoffice.Theydon‘tallowustosmokeintheroom.(5)在下列动词need,want,require等的后面加动名词表示被动,相当于加上了tobedoneTheclassroomneedscleaning.=…needstobecleaned.Theseflowersneedwatering.=…needtobewatered.3.作定语一般地说,单个的-ing作定语时放在名词之前;短语-ing形式放在名词之后。Wearegoingtohavetheweddingparty.Thewomanstandingbytheschoolgateisourteacher.4.作表语1)放在连系动词之后作表语,表明主语是什么。Theirjobismakingwheelchairsforthedisabled.Seeingisbelieving.(眼见为实)2)放在连系动词之后,表示主语的特征。Thestonefiguresinthetemplelooksofrightening.ThenewsthattheChineseteamwonthegoldmedalwasveryencouraging.5.分词做宾语补足感官动词see,hear,watch,notice等后接现在分词，动词原形或过去分词。•现在分词——正在发生或动作的一部分•动词原形——已经完成或动作的全过程•过去分词——被动IheardhersinginganEnglishsong.Ifeelmyearsburning.Ididn’tnoticeyouenter.Isawyoursisterbeatenbyabigboy.find的用法I.作定语的现在分词1.Doyouknowthesmilinggirl?2.Whoistheboystandingoverthere?3.Theylivedinahousefacingthesouth.Doyouknowthegirlwhoissmiling?Whoistheboythatisstandingoverthere?Theylivedinahousethatfacedthesouth.I.作定语的现在分词4.Thebuildingbeingbuiltwillbeourlibrary.Thebuildingwhichisbeingbuiltwillbeourlibrary.5.John,wearingadirtycoat,ranuptohismum.John,whowaswearingadirtycoat,ranuptohismum.II.作定语的过去分词1.Thisisthecoatboughtlastyear.2.Canyourecognizethemanhurtintheaccident?Thisisthecoatthatwasboughtlastyear.Canyourecognizethemanwhowashurtintheaccident?III.作状语的现在分词(相当与从句)1.Readingthestory,henoddedfromtimetotime.(时间)Onhearingthenews,shebegancrying.2.Notknowinghisaddress,Ican’tsendhimthisbook.（原因）CharlesleftFrance,preferringtogiveuphisfortune.Whilehewasreadingthestory,Assoonassheheardthenews,BecauseIdon’tknowhisaddress,,becausehepreferredtogiveuphisfortune.注意一:III.作状语的现在分词3.Marysatthere,lookingintospacethinking.（伴随）Iwroteheraletter,thankingforherkindness.（补充）4.Hedied,leavinghissonasmallfortune.（结果）Shethrewthecuptotheground,breakingitintopieces.5.Workinghard,youaresuretomakeit.（条件）Turningleft,youwillfindtheschool.andlookedintospacethinking.andthankedforherkindness.andlefthissonasmallfortune.andbrokeitintopieces.Ifyouworkhard,Ifyouturnleft,IV.作状语的过去分词1.Thechildren,wornout,fellasleepatonce.2.Heated,waterchangesintosteam.3.Theprisonerwasbroughtin,followedbytwomen.,becausetheywerewornout,Ifitisheated,andwasfollowedbytwomen.P68:Exercises1(Answer)1.Hearingasoundthebabystoppedcrying.2.Livingfarfromschool,heisoftenlate.3.Havingbeentoldthatherdaughterwassick,shehurriedtotheschooltotakeherhome.4.Havingcutofftheelectricityquickly,heprevented..5.Havinglivedinthecountry..,sheknows..6.Havingnotreceivedanynewsfromhomeforalongtime,sheis….7.Havingfoundthatherhandbagwasmissing,shewent…8.Havingwonthegame,allofthemsanganddancedallnight.1.一般式:一般来说，现在分词的一般时表示该动作与谓语的动作同时发生或在谓语动作之后发生;Standingontopofthehill,youcanseeasfarastheseaside.(同时发生)Thefishcaneatapersonintwominutes,leavingonlybones.(之后)注意二:现在分词的复杂形式2.完成时则表示该动作发生在谓语动作之前,在句中只能做状语表时间和原因.Havingfinishedhishomework,theboywentouttoplayfootball.(之前完成式)4.现在分词的主动式表示动作是由句子主语发出,而被动式表明主语承受该动作,在特定的语境中需要用beingdone或havingbeendone,强调与句子主语之间的被动关系Beingcaughtintherain,Igotacold.Nothavingbeenwashedinthecorrectway,thecoasthasfaded.3.否定式:在分词前面加上not.Notknowinghistelephonenumber,Icouldn'tgetintouchwithhim.1).Enteringtheroom,nothingstrangewasfound.2).Beingatopstudent,theworkwasfinishedinashorttime.Enteringtheroom,hefoundnothingstrange.Beingatopstudent,hefinishedtheworkinashorttime.主语一致！注意三:v-ing形式做状语,无论主动或被动,其逻辑主语和句子主语应该保持一致.1.Arrivinghome,thedoorwasfoundlocked.2.Lookingoutofthewindow,therearelotsofpeopleinthestreet.3.Havingfailedtheexam,computergameswerenolongerpartofhislife.4.Readingtheletter,tearscametohereyes.5.Notknowingwhattodo,youradviceisimportanttomeWefoundthatthedoorwaslocked.Wesawlots..ShestartedcryingSomeonedecidedthat…Ineedyouradvice.1）.Heturnedoverandoverandwenttosleepagain,___thatitwasstillearly.A.tothinkB.andthoughtC.thinkingD.ThoughtJjj2____2）._____suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.SufferedCA3).Hearingthesadnews,______.A.TearscameintohiseyesB.