南开大学 外国语学院 美国文学课件 爱伦坡

EdgarAllanPoe(1809-1849)fatherofmodernshortstoryfatherofdetectivestoryfatherofpsychoanalyticcriticism1)Worksa)TalesoftheGrotesqueandtheArabesqueb)“MS.FoundinaBottle”C)“TheMurdersintheRueMorgue”《奇异怪诞故事集》《瓶子里发现的手稿》《毛格街杀人案》d)“TheFalloftheHouseofUsher”e)“TheMasqueoftheRedDeath”f)“TheCaskofAmontillado”《厄舍古屋的倒塌》《红色死亡的化妆舞会》《一桶酒的故事》PoetryTheRaven，Israfel，AnnabelLee，ToHelen“….thedeathofabeautifulwomanis,unquestionably,themostpoeticaltopicintheworld”__AllenPoe2)LifeFamousAmericanPoet,short-storywriterandcritic.3)EvaluationPoeremainedthemostcontroversialandmostmisunderstoodliteraryfigureinthehistoryofAmericanliterature.Emersondismissedhiminthreewords“thejingleman”（招摇的人），MarkTwaindeclaredhisprosetobeunreadable.AndWhitmanwastheonlyfamousliteraryfigurepresentatthePoeMemorialCeremonyin1875.Ironically,itwasinEuropethatPoeenjoyedrespectandwelcome.BernardShawsaid:“Poewas‘thegreatestjournalisticcriticofhistime;hispoetryisexquisitelyrefined;andhistalesare“completeworksofart”.Poe’sreputationwasfirstmadeinFrance.CharlesBaudelairesaidthat“EdgarPoe,whoisn’tmuchinAmerica,mustbecomeagreatmaninFrance.”Today,Poe’sparticularpowerhasensuredhispositionamongthegreatestwritersoftheworld.Themajorityofcriticstoday,inAmericaaswellasintheworld,haverecognizedthereal,uniqueimportanceofPoeasagreatwriteroffiction,apoetofthefirstrank,andacriticofgreatinsight.Hisworksarereadtheworldover.Hisinfluenceisworld-wideinmodernliterature.TheRavenisnotedforitsmusicality,stylizedlanguage,andsupernaturalatmosphere.Ittellsofatalkingraven'smysteriousvisittoadistraughtlover,tracingtheman'sslowdescentintomadness.Thelover,oftenidentifiedasbeingastudentislamentingthelossofhislove,Lenore.Theraven,sittingonabustofPallas,seemstofurtherinstigate(加剧）hisdistresswithitsconstantrepetitionoftheword,Nevermore.Throughoutthepoem,Poemakesallusionstofolkloreandvariousclassicalworks.TheRavenfollowsanunnamednarratorwhositsreadingforgottenloreasamethodtoforgetthelossofhislove,Lenore.Arappingat[his]chamberdoorrevealsnothing,butexciteshissoultoburning.Asimilarrapping,slightlylouder,isheardathiswindow.Whenhegoestoinvestigate,aravenstepsintohischamber.Payingnoattentiontotheman,theravenperchesonabustofPallas.Amusedbytheraven'scomicallyseriousdisposition,themandemandsthatthebirdtellhimitsname.Theraven'sonlyanswerisNevermore.Thenarratorissurprisedthattheravencantalk,thoughitwillsaynothingfurther.HereasonsthatthebirdlearnedthewordNevermorefromsomeunhappymasterandthatitistheonlyworditknows.Thenarratorremarksthathisfriendtheravenwillsoonflyoutofhislife,justasotherfriendshaveflownbefore“alongwithhisprevioushopes.Asifanswering,theravenrespondsagainwithNevermore.Thenarratorisconvincedthatthissingleword,possiblylearnedfromapreviousownerwithbadluck,isallthatthebirdcansay.Evenso,thenarratorpullshischairdirectlyinfrontoftheraven,determinedtolearnmoreaboutit.Hethinksforamoment,notsayinganything,buthismindwandersbacktohislostLenore.Hethinkstheairgrowsdenserandfeelsthepresenceofangels.Confusedbytheassociationoftheangelswiththebird,thenarratorbecomesangry,callingtheravenathingofevilandaprophet.Asheyellsattheravenitonlyresponds,Nevermore.Finally,thenarratoraskstheravenifhewillbereunitedwithLenoreinheaven.Whentheravenrespondswithitstypical“Nevermore”,heshrieksandcommandstheraventoreturntothe“Plutonianshore”,thoughitnevermoves.Presumablyatthetimeofthepoem‘srecitation（重述）bythenarrator,theravenstillissitting“onthebustofPallas.Thenarrator'sfinaladmissionisthathissoulistrappedbeneaththeraven'sshadowandshallbeliftedNevermore.Themainthemeofthepoemisoneofundying（永恒的）devotion.Thenarratorexperiencesaperverseconflictbetweendesiretoforgetanddesiretoremember.Heseemstogetsomepleasurefromfocusingonloss.ThenarratorassumesthatthewordNevermoreistheraven'sonlystockandstore,andyethecontinuestoaskitquestions,knowingwhattheanswerwillbe.Thenarratorquestions,then,arepurposelyself-deprecating（驳斥）andfurtherincitehisfeelingsofloss.Poeleavesituncleariftheravenactuallyknowswhatitissayingorifitreallyintendstocauseareactioninthepoem‘snarrator.Thenarratorbeginsasweakandweary,becomesregretfulandgrief-stricken,beforepassingintoafrenzy（狂乱）and,finally,madness.Thetaleopenswiththeunnamednarratorarrivingatthehouseofhisfriend,RoderickUsher,havingreceivedaletterfromhiminadistantpartofthecountrycomplainingofanillnessandaskingforhiscomfort.Usher'ssymptomscanbedescribedaccordingtoitsterminology.Theyincludehyperesthesia(extremehypersensitivitytolight,sounds,smells,andtastes),hypochondria(anexcessivepreoccupationorworryabouthavingaseriousillness),andacuteanxiety.ItisrevealedthatUsher‘stwinsister,Madeline,isalsoillandfallsintocataleptic,death-liketrances（昏厥）.ThenarratorisimpressedwithUsher’spaintings,andattemptstocheerhimbyreadingwithhimandlisteningtohisimprovisedmusicalcompositionsontheguitar.Ushersings“TheHauntedPalace”,thentellsthenarratorthathebelievesthehousehelivesintobesentient（有知觉力的）,andthatthissentiencearisesfromthearrangementofthemasonryandvegetationsurroundingit.Usherlaterinformsthenarratorthathissisterhasdiedandinsist