南开大学博士英语考试信息

2007年南开大学博士英语考试试卷题型及分值一、听力（含对话和短文）：20分二、词汇：15分三、阅读理解：40分四、改错：10分五、作文：15分2008年南开大学博士英语考试试卷题型及分值一、听力（含对话和短文）：20分二、词汇：10分三、阅读理解：40分四、改错：10分五、作文：20分2008年南开大学博士英语考试试题12008-03-2412:06一、听力（1分×20=20分）略二、词汇（0.5分×20=10分）略三、阅读（1-10题1分，11-30题1.5分，共1分×10+1.5分×20=40分）（A篇出自北京海淀区07年高三11月月考英语卷；B篇出自1997年1月托福阅读全真试题；C篇关于旅游能扩展思路没找到；D篇出自四川理工学院大学英语试卷；E篇出自2006年12月英语六级新题型模拟试题；F篇关于Americanparadox没找到）(A)出自北京海淀区07年高三11月月考英语卷Tomanyweb-buildingspiders,mostofwhomarenearlyblind,thewebistheiressentialwindowontheworld:theirmeansofcommunicating,capturingprey（猎物）,meetingmatesandprotectingthemselves.Aweb-buildingspiderwithoutitswebislikeamencastawayonanislandofsolidrock，totallyoutoftouchanddestinedtostarvetodeath.Soimportantisthewebtoanorb-webspider'ssurvivalthattheanimalwillcontinuetoconstructnewwebsdailyevenifitisbeingstarved.For16daysthestarvingspiderbuildscompletelynormalwebs.Then,astheanimalgetsscrawnier（憔悴的），itconstructsawider-meshedwebusingfewerstrands（线）.Suchwebswouldonlytraplargerprey,whichismoreeconomicalfromtheperspectiveofastarvingspider.bycontrolpanelThespiderstoresenergybyrecyclingwebprotein.Itsimplyeatsitsownwebeacheveningandreusesittoproducenewsilk.Instudieswithradioactively，labeledmaterials,itwasfoundthat95percentofwebproteinreappearsinthenextday'web.Mostoftheenergyneededforweb-buildingisusedinwalkingoverthestrandsastheyarelaiddown．bycontrolpanelScientistsareimpressedbytheadaptabilityofthespider'shighlypreprogrammedbrain,whichislargerforitssizethanthebrainofanyotherinvertebrate（无脊推动物）．Ifweb-buildingisinterrupted,orifsomeoftheexistingstrandsaredestroyed，thespidersimplygoesbacktoseewherethewebisleftoffandthenfinishesbuildinganormalweb.Onespiderwillfinishbuildingtheincompletewebofanother.1.Atitlethatwouldbestexpressthemainideaofthepassagewouldbe.A.SecretsofSpiders.B.SecretsoftheWebC.SecretsofNatureD.ANewDiscoveryofScientists2.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueA.Allweb-buildingspidersareblindB.MostspidersareblindC.Onlyasmallpartofweb-buildingspiderscansee.D.Allspiderscanweavewebs.3.Withoutitswebaweb-buildingspiderwouldNOTbeableto.A.walkquicklyB.seethepreyclearlyC.conserveitsenergyD.survive4.Aspiderconservesitsenergy.A.becauseitconstructsnewwebsdailyB.asitwalksoverthestrandsitlaysC.byeatingitsownwebproteinandthenre-usingitinthenewwebD.byeatingonlyintheevening5.Thataspiderisabletofinishanincompletewebofanotherprovesthat.A.aspiderre-usesitswebenergytoreproducenewsilkB.spidershaveahighlypreprogrammedbrainC.thewebiseverythingtoaspiderD.aspiderisabletoremedyadestroyedweb.(B)出自1997年1月托福阅读全真试题Largeanimalsthatinhabitthedeserthaveevolvedanumberofadaptationsforreducingtheeffectsofextremeheat.Oneadaptationistobelightincolor,andtoreflectratherthanabsorbtheSun’srays.Desertmammalsalsodepartfromthenormalmammalianpracticeofmaintainingaconstantbodytemperature.Insteadoftryingtokeepdownthebodytemperaturedeepinsidethebody,whichwouldinvolvetheexpenditureofwaterandenergy,desertmammalsallowtheirtemperaturestorisetowhatwouldnormallybefeverheight,andtemperaturesashighas46degreesCelsiushavebeenmeasuredinGrant’sgazelles.Theoverheatedbodythencoolsdownduringthecolddesertnight,andindeedthetemperaturemayfallunusuallylowbydawn,aslowas34degreesCelsiusinthecamel.Thisisanadvantagesincetheheatofthefirstfewhoursofdaylightisabsorbedinwarmingupthebody,andanexcessivebuildupofheatdoesnotbeginuntilwellintotheday.Anotherstrategyoflargedesertanimalsistotoleratethelossofbodywatertoapointthatwouldbefatalfornon-adaptedanimals.Thecamelcanloseupto30percentofitsbodyweightaswaterwithoutharmtoitself,whereashumanbeingsdieafterlosingonly12to13percentoftheirbodyweight.Anequallyimportantadaptationistheabilitytoreplenishthiswaterlossatonedrink.Desertanimalscandrinkprodigiousvolumesinashorttime,andcamelshavebeenknowntoimbibeover100litersinafewminutes.Averydehydratedperson,ontheotherhand,cannotdrinkenoughwatertorehydrateatonesession,becausethehumanstomachisnotsufficientlybigandbecauseatoorapiddilutionofthebodyfluidscausesdeathfromwaterintoxication.Thetoleranceofwaterlossisofobviousadvantageinthedesert,asanimalsdonothavetoremainnearawaterholebutcanobtainfoodfromgrazingsparseandfar-flungpastures.Desert-adaptedmammalshavethefurtherabilitytofeednormallywhenextremelydehydrated,itisacommonexperienceinpeoplethatappetiteislostevenunderconditionsofmoderatethirst.6.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?(A)Weathervariationsinthedesert(B)Adaptationsofdesertanimals(C)Diseasedofdesertanimals(D)Humanuseofdesertanimals.7.Accordingtothepassage,whyislightcoloringanadvantagetolargedesertanimals?(A)Ithelpsthemhidefrompredators.(B)Itdoesnotabsorbsunlightasmuchasdarkcolors.(C)Ithelpsthemseetheiryoungatnight(D)Itkeepsthemcoolatnight.8.TheauthorusesofGrant’sgazelleasanexampleof(A)ananimalwithalowaveragetemperature(B)ananimalthatisnotaswelladaptedasthecamel(C)adesertanimalthatcanwithstandhighbodytemperatures(D)adesertanimalwithaconstantbodytemperature9.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutdesert-adaptedmammals?(A)Theydonotneedtoeatmuchfood.(B)Theycaneatlargequantitiesquickly(C)Theyeasilylosetheirappetites.(D)