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NCCLS专家分析规则BDPhoenixBDExpertRules(V.4.10A3.34A/3.52F,3.22G,3.20B)##Onlyresultforampicilin,afluoroquinolone,andtrimethoprim-sulfamethoxaoleshouldbereportedforfecalisolatesofSalmonellaspp.orShigellaspp.Nootherdrugsshouldbereported粪便标本中沙门菌属和志贺菌属只报告氨苄西林、氟喹诺酮、复方新诺明，其他药物均不报告。##ResultsforchloramphenicolandathirdgenerationcephalosporinshouldbereportedforSalmonellaspp.fromextraintestinalsites.对于肠外的沙门(氏)菌应该报告氯霉素和第三代头孢菌素药敏结果。##RusultsforchloramphenicolandathirdgenerationcephalsporinshouldbereportedforSalmonellaspp.Fromextraintestinalsites从肠道以外分离到的沙门菌属应报告氯霉素和一个三代头孢药物。##Salmonellaspp.andShigellaspp.shouldnotbetreatedwithfirstandsecondgenerationcephalosporins,andcephamycinsbecausetheyarenoteffectiveclinically.沙门菌属、志贺菌属不应该采用一、二代头孢药物进行治疗，因为使用它们临床无疗效。expertrule.xlsPage1NCCLS专家分析规则##Ampicillinistheclassrepresentativeforamoxicillin氨苄西林代表氨苄西林和阿莫西林。##ScreeningtestssuggestapossibleExtendedSpectrumBeta-lactamase(ESBL)producer.Confirmatorytestingisrecommendedbeforereportingresultsforpenicillins,extended-spectrumcephalosporinsoraztreonam筛选试验提示可能是ESBL，建议在报告青霉素类、广谱头孢菌素类及氨曲南药敏结果前，应做确认试验。##IsolateisconfirmedpositiveforESBL.Consultationwithaninfectiousdiseaseexpertisrecommended.待检菌株被证实ESBL阳性。建议请感染科专家会诊。##Citrobacter,Enterobacter,andSerratiamaydevelopresistanceduringprolongedantimicrobialtherapywiththirdgenerationcephalosporins.Testingofisolatesrecoveredthreetofourdaysafterinitiationoftherapymaybewarrantedtodetectincreasingresistance枸橼酸杆菌、肠杆菌、沙雷氏菌在三代头孢长期治疗时易引起耐药，使用三代头孢药物治疗3~4天以后，建议再送检样本，以便检测耐药性的变化。expertrule.xlsPage2NCCLS专家分析规则##Cephalothinistheclassrepresentativeforcephapirin,cephradine,cephalexin,cefaclorandcefadroxil头孢菌素代表头孢匹林、头孢拉定、头孢氨苄、头孢克洛、头孢羟氨苄。##Resultsforcefotaximeand/orceftriaxoneshouldbetestedandreportedforEnterobacteriaceaefromcerebrospinalfluidinsteadofcephalothinandcefazlin脑脊液中分离的肠杆菌科细菌应检测和报告头孢噻肟和/或头孢曲松的药敏试验结果，以代替头孢菌素和头孢唑林。##Resultsforcefotaximeand/orceftriaxoneshouldbetestedandreportedforEnterobacteriaceaefromcerebrospinalfluidinsteadofcephalothinandcefazlin脑脊液中分离的肠杆菌科细菌应检测和报告头孢噻肟和/或头孢曲松的药敏试验结果，以代替头孢菌素和头孢唑林。##Salmonellaspp.AndShigellaspp.Shouldnotbereportedassusceptibletoaminoglycosideseveriftheyappeartobesusceptibleinvitrobecausetheyarenoteffectiveclinically.Theresulthasbeenchangedtoresistant沙门菌属、志贺菌属不应报告氨基糖甙类药物药敏试验敏感的报告，即使体外药敏试验结果为敏感，因为事实证实临床无效。故药敏结果应改为耐药。expertrule.xlsPage3NCCLS专家分析规则##Tetracyclineistheclassrepresentativefortetracycline,minocyclineanddoxycycline.四环素代表四环素、米诺环素、强力霉素。##Chloramphenicolisnotroutinelyreportedonisolatesfromtheurinarytract尿中分离的细菌氯霉素药敏结果不作常规报告。##Chloramphenicolisnotroutinelyreportedonisolatesfromtheurinarytract尿中分离的细菌氯霉素药敏结果不作常规报告。##DonotreportresultsforfosfomycinagainstisolatesotherthanEscherichiacoliandEnterococcusfaecalis.除大肠埃希氏菌、屎肠球菌外的细菌不报告磷霉素药敏结果。##Sulfisoxazoleistheclassrepresentativeforallsulfonamides.硫代异恶唑SMZ代表磺胺类药物。##Pseudomonasaeruginosamaydevelopresistanceduringprolongedantimicrobialtherapywithallantibiotics.Testingofisolatesrecoveredthreetofourdaysafterinitiationoftherapymaybewarrantedtodetectincreasingresistance铜绿假单胞菌可能由于抗感染治疗疗程延长而对所有抗生素产生耐药性。抗生素治疗3~4天后应再进行耐药性的检测。expertrule.xlsPage4NCCLS专家分析规则##Pseudomonasaeruginosafrompatientswithgranulocytopeniaandotherseriousinfectionsrequiretherapywithmaximumdosesofacarboxypenicillinorureidopenicillinorceftazidimeincobinationwithanaminoglycoside从粒细胞减少和其他严重感染患者中分离到的铜绿假单胞菌要求使用大剂量的羧基青霉素或脲基青霉素或头孢他啶与一种氨基糖甙类药物联合用药。##Resultsforamipcillin/sulbactammaybereportedforAcinetobacterspp.Whentheisolateisresistanttootheragents当不动杆菌对其他药物耐药时应报告氨苄西林/舒巴坦的药敏结果。##Resultsfortetracycline,doxycycline,minocycline,trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole,sulfonamidesandchloramphenicolarereportedforsomePseudomonasspp.(exceptP.aeruginosa)一些假单胞菌属(不包括铜绿假单胞菌)应报告四环素、多西霉素、米诺环素、复方新诺明、磺胺类药物、氯霉素的药敏结果。##ResultsformoxalactammaybereportedforStenotrophomonasmaltophilia.嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌应报告moxalactam的药敏结果。expertrule.xlsPage5NCCLS专家分析规则##Staphylococcalisolatesthatareresistanttooxacillinshouldnotbetreatedwithpenicillins,beta-lactam/beta-lactamaseinhibitorcombinations,cephalosporinsandcarbapenems.耐苯唑西林的葡萄球菌(MRS)不应该用β-内酰胺类、β-内酰胺类加酶抑制剂复合物、头孢菌素、碳青霉烯类进行治疗。##AninterpretationofsusceptibleforpenicillinGisalsoapplicabletootherpencillins,beta-lactam/beta-lactamaseinhibitorcombinations,cephalosporins,andcarbapenems对青霉素G的解释可以运用到其他青霉素、β-内酰胺酶抑制剂复合物、头孢菌素、碳青霉烯类。##Whenbeta-lactamaseisdetectedinstaphylococci,andinterpretationofsusceptibleforpenicillinG,ampicillin,amoxicillin,carbenicillin,ticarcillin,mezlocillin,andpiperacillinshouldbechangetoresistant.Theresulthasbeenchangedtoresistant.葡萄球菌中检出β-内酰胺酶，对青霉素G、氨苄西林、阿莫西林、羧苄西林、替卡西林、美洛西林、哌拉西林等结果应改为耐药。结果已改为耐药。expertrule.xlsPage6NCCLS专家分析规则##WhenapatternofpencillinGMICsof0.06or0.13ug.mlispresentinstaphylococci,itisadvisabletoscreenforthepresenceofbea-lactamase.Performandinducedbeta-lactamasetestonsuchisolates.UsermustverifythepenicillinGsusceptibilityandmanuallyentertheSIRresultforallhydrolyzablepenicillins.葡萄球菌的青霉素G的MIC在0.06或0.13ug/ml时，应进行β-内酰胺酶的筛选，用户必需校验青霉素G的敏感性，手工输入决定其他可水解的青霉素的SIR。##WhemapatternofresistanttopenicillinGandsusceptibletooxacillinispresentinstaphylococci,itindicatespenic