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考研中经济学常用英语词汇Aaccounting会计adverseselection逆向选择allocation配置assumption假设average平均Bbarrierstoentry进入壁垒baseyear基年benefit收益blackmarket黑市blisspoint极乐点boundarypoint边界点breakevenpoint收支相抵点budget预算Ccapital资本capitalstock资本存量capitaloutputratio资本产出比率capitalism资本主义choice选择collusion合谋commandeconomy指令经济commodity商品commonproperty公用财产competition竞争competitivemarket竞争性市场complementgoods互补品completeinformation完全信息completeness完备性consistence一致性constraints约束consumer消费者consumption消费consumptionbundle消费束consumptioncombination消费组合corporation公司cost成本Ddead—weightsloss重负损失decreasingcostindustry成本递减产业decreasingreturnstoscale规模报酬递减deduction演绎法demand需求demandcurve需求曲线demandelasticity需求弹性demandfunction需求函数demandprice需求价格demandschedule需求表depreciation折旧directapproach直接法directtaxes直接税distribution分配divisionoflabour劳动分工EEconomicagents经济行为者economiccost经济成本economicefficiency经济效率economicgoods经济物品economicman经济人exchange交换economics经济学exchangeefficiency交换效率economy经济economyofscale规模经济exclusion排斥性、排他性efficiency效率，效益efficiencyparameter效率参数elasticity弹性entrepreneur企业家eqity公平exchange交换exclusion排斥性、排他性exclusionprinciple排他性原则existence存在性expectation期望expenditure支出externalbenefit外部收益FFactor要素factordemand要素需求factormarket要素市场factorsofproduction生产要素factorsubstitution要素替代factorsupply要素供给finalgoods最终产品firm企业first—ordercondition一阶条件fixedcosts固定成本fixedinput固定投入flow流量fluctuation波动forwhomtoproduce为谁生产freeentry自由进入freegoods自由品，免费品freerider搭便车，免费搭车function函数futurevalue未来值Ggeneralgoods一般商品goods货物governmentfailure政府失败governmentregulation政府调控grandutilitypossibilitycurve总效用可能曲线grandutilitypossibilityfrontier总效用可能前沿Hheterogeneousproduct异质产品household家庭howtoproduce如何生产humancapital人力资本hypothesis假说Iincome收入inefficiency缺乏效率indexnumber指数indifference无差异indirectapproach间接法individualanalysis个量分析industry产业inelastic缺乏弹性的inferiorgoods劣品inflectionpoint拐点information信息informationcost信息成本innovation创新input投入input—output投入—产出institution制度insurance保险interest利息interestrate利息率intermediategoods中间产品invention发明investment投资invisiblehand看不见的手Llabour劳动labourdemand劳动需求laboursupply劳动供给labourtheoryofvalue劳动价值论labourunions工会laissezfaire自由放任land土地law法则leisure闲暇licenses许可证longrun长期luxury奢侈品Mmacroeconomics宏观经济学marginal边际的market市场maximization极大化microeconomics微观经济学mixedeconomy混合经济model模型money货币monopolisticcompetition垄断竞争monopolisticexploitation垄断剥削monopoly垄断，卖方垄断NNaturalmonopoly自然垄断Naturalresources自然资源Necessarycondition必要条件necessities必需品normalgoods正常品normalprofit正常利润Oobjectivefunction目标函数opportunitycost机会成本optimalchoice最佳选择optimalresourceallocation最佳资源配置optimalscale最佳规模optimalsolution最优解optimization优化ordinarygoods一般品output产量、产出Pparameter参数patent专利plantsize工厂规模prediction预测preference偏好presentvalue现值price价格pricefloor最低限价privatebenefit私人收益privatecost私人成本privategoods私人用品privateproperty私人财产producerequilibrium生产者均衡producertheory生产者理论product产品production生产productivity生产率productivityofcapital资本生产率productivityoflabor劳动生产率profit利润profitmaximization利润极大化propertyrights产权proposition定理publicbenefits公共收益publicchoice公共选择publicgoods公共商品purecompetition纯粹竞争rivalry对抗性、竞争pureexchange纯交换puremonopoly纯粹垄断Rrationality理性regulation调节，调控relativeprice相对价格rent租金rentcontrol规模报酬resource资源resourceallocation资源配置returns报酬、回报returnstoscale规模报酬revenue收益risk风险Ssatiation饱和，满足saving储蓄scarcity稀缺性lawofscarcity稀缺法则service劳务set集shadowprices影子价格short—run短期shortage短缺socialbenefit社会收益socialcost社会成本socialism社会主义solution解space空间stability稳定性stableequilibrium稳定的均衡stock存量stockmarket股票市场strategy策略subsidy津贴substitutes替代品supply供给symmetry对称性Ttaste兴致technicalefficiency技术效率technologicalconstraints技术约束technologicalprogress技术进步technology技术totalcost总成本totaleffect总效应totalexpenditure总支出totalfixedcost总固定成本totalproduct总产量totalrevenue总收益totalutility总效用traditionaleconomy传统经济transactioncost交易费用Uuncertainty不确定性uniqueness唯一性utility效用Vvalue价值valuejudge价值判断variablecost可变成本variableinput可变投入variables变量visiblehand看得见的手Wwage工资wagerate工资率Wants需要Welfare福利Zzerocost零成本zeroelasticity零弹性