if虚拟语气

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英语动词有三种语气:陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气(用来表示说的话不是事实,或者是不太可能发生的情况,而是一种愿望,建议,假设的语气叫虚拟语气。)虚拟语气的考点:1.条件句中的虚拟语气的用法;2.条件句中虚拟语气的倒装;3.名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法;4.几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法;5.虚拟语气时态的判定。一、If引导的虚拟条件句区别:Ifitrainstomorrow,thecropswillbesaved.陈述语气Ifitrainedtomorrow,thecropswouldbesaved.虚拟语气真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句真:eg.Ifhedoesn’thurryup,hewillmissthebus.如果他不快点,他将错过巴士。(真实条件状语)(不是虚拟语气)Ifheisfree,hewillaskmetotellstories.如果他是空闲的,他会要求我讲故事。(真实条件状语)(不是虚拟语气)非真:eg.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce.如果我是你,我马上就会去。(非真实条件状语从句)二、虚拟语气在条件从句中:【例句】1.Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.要是你早来几分钟的话,你就能见到他了。(与过去事实相反)2.Ifitweresunnytomorrow,iwouldcometoseeyou.明天要是天气好的话,我来看你。(与将来事实可能相反)3.Ifiwereyou,iwouldgoatonce.假如我是你的话,我会马上走。(与现在事实相反,事实上我不可能是你)主从句的谓语形式时间If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在did/wereWould/could/should/might+V.(原原过去haddoneWould/could/should/might+have+p.p将来1.did/were2.shoulddo3.weretodoWould/could/should/might+V.(原)(一)与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句表示与现在事实相反的情况,例1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrella.如果我是你,我会带把伞。(事实:我不可能是你)2.IfIknewhistelephonenumber,Iwouldtellyou.如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你。(事实:不知道)3.Iftherewerenoairorwater,therewouldbenolivingthingsontheearth.如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物。(事实:地球上既有空气也有水)4.IfIhadanymoneywithme,Icouldlendyousome.如果我带钱了,我就会借给你些。(事实:没带钱)5.Ifhestudiedharder,hemightpasstheexam.如果他再努力些,就能通过考试了。(事实:没有努力If+主+did(were),主+would/should/could/might+动词原形(二)与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句例:1.IfIhadgotthereearlier,Ishould/couldhavemether.如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。(事实:去晚了)2.Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldnothavemadesuchamistake.如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了。(事实:没有听我的话)If+主+haddonesth,主+would/should/could/might+动词完成式(havedone)(三)表示对将来情况的主观推测例:1.Ifheshouldcomeheretomorrow,Ishould/wouldtalktohim.如果他哪天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。(事实:来的可能性很小)2.IftherewereaheavysnownextSunday,wewouldnotgoskating.如果下周日下大雪,我们就不能去滑冰了。(事实:不知能否下雪)3.IfsheweretobetherenextMonday,Iwouldtellheraboutthematter.如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事的始末。If+主+did(wereto/shoulddo),主+would/should/could/might+动词原形(在表示建议、命令、要求等含义的宾语从句,谓语动词常用虚拟语气,should+动词原形构成,should可省略。)(四)有时,主句和条件状语从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时,虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如:IfIhadworkedhardatschool,Iwouldbeanengineer,too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会成为一个工程师了Iftheyhadinformedus,wewouldnotcomeherenow.如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了。②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如:Ifhewerefreetoday,wewouldhavesenthimtoBeijing.如果他今天有空的话,我们会已经派他去北京了。Ifheknewher,hewouldhavegreetedher.要是他认识她的话,他肯定会去问候她了。③从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反,而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如:Ifithadnotbeenrainingtoomuch,thecropswouldbegrowingmuchbetter.如果天不下太多的雨的话,庄稼会长得更好。Ifhehadbeenworkinghard,hewouldbeworkingintheofficenow.要是他一直努力工作的话,他现在已进了办公室了。(五)if虚拟句的倒装当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时,if可以省略,这时条件从句要用倒装语序,即将were,should,had等词置于句首,这种多用于书面语。如:Shouldheagreetogothere,wewouldsendhimthere.要是他答应去的话,我们就派他去。Wereshehere,shewouldagreewithus.如果她在这儿的话,她会同意我们的。Hadhelearntaboutcomputers,wewouldhavehiredhimtoworkhere.如果她懂一些电脑知识的话,我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。如果条件状语中有were,had,should时,可以倒装成:were/should/had+主+其他Ifiwereyou,iwouldtryitagain.如果我是你,我会再试一次。Wereiyou,…Ifhehadbeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.Hadhebeenthereyesterday,…Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.Shoulditsnowtomorrow,…(六)非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来,只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句,在多数情况下,条件会暗含在短语中,如without„.,butfor„.等Butforhishelp,wewouldbeworkingnow.要不是他的帮助,我们还会在工作呢。Withoutyourinstruction,Iwouldnothavemadesuchgreatprogress.要是没有你的指导,我不会取得如此大的进步。Wedidn’tknowhistelephonenumber;otherwisewewouldhavetelephonedhim.我们不知道他的电话号码,否则我们就会给他打电话。(七)有时,虚拟条件句中,主、从句可以省略其中的一个,来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。①省略从句Hewouldhavefinishedit.他本该完成了。Youcouldhavepassedthisexam.你应该能通过这次考试了。②省略主句IfIwereathomenow.要是我现在在家里该多好啊。IfonlyIhadgotit.要是我得到它了该多好啊。1.theexam,hewouldhaveattendacollege.A.IfhepassedB.HadhepassedC.WerehepassedD.Ifheshouldpass2.fiveminutesearlier,youcouldhaveseenthemoff.A.IfyoushouldarriveB.IfyouarriveC.HadyouarriveD.Shouldyouarrive翻译句子:1.If___________________(如果明天不下雨的话),wewillgotothezoo.2__________________(如果你生病了),youmustseethedoctor.3.You’llhavetohavearest_______________(如果你感到累)4.___________________(如果我们训练海豚),theyperformtricks.5.Parrotsrepeatwords_______________________(如果你教他们)6._____________(如果老虎住在野外),theywillhuntfortheirownfood.7.Ifyoudonothurryup,________________________________.(你会上学迟到).练习以及解析1.Ienjoyedthemovieverymuch.IwishI_____thebookfromwhichitwasmade.A.havereadB.hadreadC.shouldhavereadD.arereading2.Youarelate.Ifyou_____afewminutesearlier,you_____him.A.come;wouldmeetB.hadcome;wouldhavemetC.come;willmeetD.hadcome;wouldmeet3.Thetwostudentstalkedasifthey_____friendsforyears.A.shouldbeB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen5.Helookedasifhe_____illforalongtime.A.wasB.wereC.hasbeenD.hadbeen7.IwishthatI_____withyoulastnight.A.wentB.couldgoC.havegoneD.couldhavegone9.Icantstandhim.Healwaystalksasthoughhe_____everything.A.knewB.knowsC.hasknownD.hadknown10._____thefog,weshouldhavereachedourschool.A.BecauseofB.InspiteofC.IncaseofD.Butfor11.Ifyouhadtoldmeinadvance,I_____himattheairport.A.wouldmeetB.wouldhadmetC.wouldhavemetD.wouldhavemeet12.Mikecantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe_____mehow.A.teachesB.willteachC.hastaughtD.wouldteach16.Hesuggestedthatthey_____useatrickinsteadoffighting.A.shouldB.wouldC.d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