直接甲醇燃料电池

直接甲醇燃料電池DirectMethanolFuelCell薛康琳,Kan-LinHsuehTheheartoffuelcellisthemembrane–electrode-assembly(MEA)AMEAcontains:Cathode•cathodedifusionlayer•cathodecatalystlayerAnode•anodediffusionlayer•anodecatalystlayerProtonexchangemembraneAMEAcontains:Cathode•cathodedifusionlayer•cathodecatalystlayerAnode•anodediffusionlayer•anodecatalystlayerProtonexchangemembraneComponentsandoperatingprincipleofDMFC(DirectMethanolFuelCell)LoadCO2AirinDirectMethanolFuelCell6e-6H+AnodeMembraneCathodeMEACH3OH+H2O3H2O3/2O26e-6H+AMEAcontains:Cathode•cathodedifusionlayer•cathodecatalystlayerAnode•anodediffusionlayer•anodecatalystlayerProtonexchangemembraneAMEAcontains:Cathode•cathodedifusionlayer•cathodecatalystlayerAnode•anodediffusionlayer•anodecatalystlayerProtonexchangemembraneComponentsandoperatingprincipleofDMFC(DirectMethanolFuelCell)LoadCO2AirinDirectMethanolFuelCell6e-6H+AnodeMembraneCathodeMEACH3OH+H2O3H2O3/2O26e-6H+LoadCO2AirinDirectMethanolFuelCell6e-6H+AnodeMembraneCathodeMEACH3OH+H2O3H2O3/2O26e-6H+EnergyDensityofFuelcellValuepropositionforafuelcellpowereddevice:WH0200400600800100002505007501000ENERGYDENSITY(Wh/kg)ENERGYDENSITY(Wh/liter)1strefill2ndrefillMarkhampden-Smith,SuperiorMicroPowders@SmallFuelCells20030100200300400500050100150200250ENERGYDENSITY(Wh/kg)ENERGYDENSITY(WH/liter)Ni-CdNi-MHLiionLimetal(unsafe)LeadacidPlasticLiionDependenceofcellvolumeonenergyrequired02004006008001000050100150200250300Energy/WhCellvolume/cm3batteriesFC1FC2SlopeconcentrationoffuelandkindoffuelInterceptfuelcellvolumeK.Kanamura,Prof.TokyoMetropolitanUniversity,@SmallFuelCell2003Valuepropositionforafuelcellpowereddevice:WhEnergydensity,operatingtime,instantre-fuelExample:remotelaptoppowerconsumption14038.5260014.8275Large103.620.7140014.8200SmallWh/kgWhmAhOutputvoltage,VWeight,gLaptopbatteryLi-ionbattery275g275g275g255gMethanolfuelcell825g315gMarkhampden-Smith,SuperiorMicroPowders@SmallFuelCells2003PowerRangeandOperatingTemperaturesRangeofFuelCellsPowerRangeDMFCPEMFCSOFCPAFCMCFCAFC1W10W100W1kW10kW100kW1MW10MWOperatingTemperatureMCFCSOFC1002005001000oCDMFCAFCPEMFCPAFCApplicationsandStackLayoutKWMWWmWPlanarStackStackLayoutPowerApplications手機,PDA數位相機,筆記型電腦小型交通工具,可攜式電源不斷電系統熱電共生系統交通工具分散式發電MarketSurveyG.Grawley,“FuelCellTodayMarketSurvey:PortableApplications”,from–Fundamentals,TechnologyandApplications,Eds.W.Vielstich,A.LammandH.A.Gastegier,JohnWiley,Vol.1,p.42,2003.Source:HandbookofFuelCells–Fundamentals,TechnologyandApplications,Eds.W.Vielstich,A.LammandH.A.Gastegier,JohnWiley,Vol.1,p.42,2003.疊堆式電池組–燃料流程3M24W(2x12W),10hrhybridwith20WNiCd平面式設計-1陰極薄膜陽極電子連接器燃料空氣MotoloraInc.(2000),USPatent6,127,058J.PowerSources,93(2001)25電池組結構的分類平面式(Planar)疊堆式(Stack)由於攜帶式電子產品的特色為輕薄小，因此電池組設計亦朝輕薄小方面著手。攜帶式電子產品所用的疊堆式電池組有異於大型電廠的疊堆式電池組。電池組結構的分類平面式(Planar)疊堆式(Stack)PEMFC,PAFC,MCFC,&SOFCDMFCKWMWWmW平面式疊堆式攜帶式固定式由於攜帶式電子產品的特色為輕薄小,因此電池組設計亦朝輕薄小方面著手.攜帶式電子產品所用的疊堆式電池組有異於大型電廠的疊堆式電池組.Prototype–below50WPrototype–50/500WOthers:Samsung,NEC,ToshibaEarlycommercialmarketWouldyouproductivityincreasebyhavingoneofthose?Howmuchwouldyouliketopayforit?Iscarryingacartridgeokay?Samsung-SAIT200320042004Stacksize:180ccStackpower:25WFuel:0.02slm,1MMeOHAir:2slmairTemp:35CCapacity:100Wh2005Criticalissues:needs2W/3790mAhfor4GmobilephoneMP3/game/VCD/cellphone/Bellfunctionfor4G2000mAh,300Wh/Lmoreisfuelcellcompetingedge(15-17MMeOH)MTIMilitaryFuelCellprototypepower-packinmilitarybattery(BA5590)formfactorpoweringHarrisCorp’sFalconIITacticalRadio.Mobiontechnologyuses100%MeOHApplicationRFIDreader(35Wh)Sensorpowersource150mWBA-5590formfactorInjectedmoldedfuelcellarrayIndustrialMobionpowerpackintegratedintoIntermecTechnologies’portableRadioFrequencyIdentification(RFID)readerwithmethanolfuelrefillcartridge.DebutedNovember2004Cartridge:100%MeOHPowerout:1WEnergy:35Wh(presentbatteryis8Wh)ConsumerMobiontechnologypoweringPDA/smartphone(left)andhandheldentertainmentsystem(below)conceptmodels.ToshibaSmallsizeactivetype(1W)forcellphoneOutput:1W,20hrs(25ccfuel),equalto6LIB(3.7V,600mAh)Weight:130g(withfuelcartridge)Size:10x6x3cm(140cc)Cartridgesize:3x6x2cmFuel:concentratedMeOHDMFCfornotebookPC(2)Output:13W(20Wpeak),15V,10hroperationWeight:1200g(withfuelcartridge)Size:27x7x5.5cmFuel:100mlMeOHPrototypepassiveDMFC(wearablethumbsizepowersource)Output:100mW,20hrsMP3Weight:8.5g(withfuelcartridge)Size:2.2x5.6x0.45cmFuel:2ml99.5%MeOH東芝新款燃料電池手機僅厚17mm(2008)東芝在MobileWorldCongress2008的會場上﹐展出了內置燃料電池的折疊式手機。這是一款以KDDI(au)的手機「W55T」為原型、嵌入了超薄燃料電池的手機試製品﹐此次在MWC上的展示是首次亮相。折疊時的厚度為17.5mm﹐相對於W55T的9.9mm來說加厚7.6mm左右即可。「終於實現了如此薄的厚度。這一厚度十分接近現行的普通手機」(東芝)。燃料電池的燃料採用甲醇。是向燃料極供應直接甲醇的直接甲醇(DirectMethanol)方式。試製品中設有燃料表﹐可通過目測確認燃料餘料。至於能夠容納多少燃料﹐尚未公佈。不過﹐「填充一次燃料﹐可確保約為普通手機2倍的驅動時間」。試製品的重量方面﹐填充完燃料後為150g～160g左右。(electrolyte)CathodeAnodeElectrodepotentialEcellEcEaCellVoltage0.00.20.40.60.81.01.21.40.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.5Current,AVoltageLoss,VCellCellVoltage,VCurrent,APowerandcellvolta