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专题八动词及动词词组考点①动词的基本形式基本形式构成规则例子动词原形动词的原始形式study,be,like,catch,depend第三人称单数①以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的＋espass—passes;teach—teaches;go—goes②以辅音字母加y结尾的要变y为i再＋escarry—carries;cry—cries;fly—flies;try—tries③其他情况在词尾＋sread—reads;take—takes;put—puts基本形式构成规则例子现在分词①以不发音的e结尾，去e再＋ingwrite—writing;have—having;make—making②重读闭音节，双写结尾字母再＋ingswim—swimming;run—running;get—getting基本形式构成规则例子现在分词③以ie结尾，改ie为y，再＋ingdie—dying;lie—lying;tie—tying④其他情况在词尾＋ingread—reading;catch—catching;do—doing基本形式构成规则例子过去式与过去分词①一般情况在词尾＋edwork—worked;pass—passed;depend—depended②以e结尾，直接＋dlive—lived;hope—hoped;decide—decided基本形式构成规则例子过去式与过去分词③以辅音字母加y结尾的要变y为i再＋edstudy—studied;worry—worried;hurry—hurried④重读闭音节，双写结尾字母再＋edstop—stopped;shop—shopped;plan—planned对点专练写出下列动词的相应形式。动词原形第三人称单数现在分词过去式过去分词be______________________________do______________________________stop______________________________pass______________________________isbeingwasbeendoesdoingdiddonestopsstoppingstoppedstoppedpassespassingpassedpassed动词原形第三人称单数现在分词过去式过去分词carry_____________________________make_____________________________die_____________________________teach_____________________________put_____________________________carriescarryingcarriedcarriedmakesmakingmademadediesdyingdieddiedteachesteachingtaughttaughtputsputtingputput考点②连系动词连系动词把主语和说明主语性质、状态或身份等的词语(作表语的形容词或名词)联系起来，并和这些词语一起构成谓语。用法例子①be动词Heisateacher.他是一名教师。②五变：be/become变成，turn变色，get变温，go变质be(become)happy,turnred,gethot,gobad(变质)用法例子③五感官：seem,look,sound,taste,smell,feel(眼看，耳听，口尝，鼻闻，手摸)Lilysaystheflowerintheparklooksbeautifulandsmellssweet.Itseemsgreat.Weeatsomefoodthereandittastesdelicious.Wefeelhappy.Thetripsoundswonderful.对点专练()1.—Therearedarkclouds,andthewindisblowingstrongly.—It________thatatyphooniscoming.A.feelsB.soundsC.seemsD.looks()2.—Dinnerisready.Helpyourself,please!—Wow!It________delicious.Youarereallygoodatcooking.A.getsB.soundsC.tastesD.turnsCC()3.—Goodmorning.I’dlikeabirthdaygiftformymother.—Whataboutthisscarf?Itisbeautifulandit________softandsmooth.A.feelsB.looksC.seemsD.becomes()4.—ThreeDpaintingtechnologycouldbeusedtobuildahouselessthan24hours.—It________amazing.It’sthefirsttimethatIhavegottoknowthenews.A.looksB.smellsC.soundsD.keepsAC()5.It’s________darkeranddarkeroutside.Weshouldtakeabushomerightnow.A.feelingB.gettingC.turningD.growingB考点③助动词1.助动词的语法特征(be,do,does,did,have,has,had,shall,will)(1)一般没有词义；(2)不能单独作谓语，同其他动词一起构成谓语，使用不同的时态或语态，或使用疑问、否定句式；(3)有人称、数和时态的变化。2.常见助动词的用法助动词用法例子be“be＋现在分词”构成现在进行时Itisrainingheavilyoutside.外面雨正下得很大。“be＋过去分词”构成被动语态Theclassroomiscleanedeveryday.教室每天都被打扫。助动词用法例子have(has)“have(has)＋过去分词”构成现在完成时HehasbeentoHongKongtwice.他到过香港两次。“had＋过去分词”构成过去完成时Hehadalreadyfinishedhishomeworkwhenhisfathercameback.当他爸爸回来的时候，他已经完成作业了。助动词用法例子dodoesdid构成一般现在时和一般过去时的否定式或疑问式Youdon’tlikeeatingdumplings.你不喜欢吃饺子。Didyouwatchthevolleyballmatchlastnight?你昨晚看排球比赛了吗？助动词用法例子dodoesdid构成祈使句的否定式Don’tbelateagain!不要再迟到！用于so,neither,nor引导的倒装句Theydon’tknowtheexacttimetosetoff.NeitherdoI.他们不知道出发的准确时间，我也不知道。助动词用法例子shallwill构成一般将来时；shall只与第一人称主语连用；will可与各种人称主语连用Whattimeshallwesetoff?我们应该什么时候出发？Shallwebeginnow?我们现在开始吗？对点专练()1.—NobodybelievesTomhasread100bookssofar.—Butinfact,he________.Youcanseethenewsontheschoolwebsite.A.doesB.hasC.isD.will()2.—________yougoshoppingwithmethisafternoon?—Yes.Iwanttobuyabeautifuldressformymother.A.DoesB.AreC.WereD.WillBD()3.Mycomputer________work.Theremaybesomethingwrongwithit,butI’mnotsure.A.doesn’tB.won’tC.isn’tD.hasn’t()4.Maryenjoysplayingthepiano.So________I.A.amB.didC.doD.will()5.—Ann,________youhurryingout?—ImustgonoworI’llbelateforthemeeting.A.isB.areC.doD.willACB考点④情态动词情态动词本身有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，要与动词原形一起构成谓语；情态动词后要使用动词原形，没有人称和数的变化(haveto和beableto除外)。1.情态动词用法一览表情态动词过去式词义句型变化cancould能；会；可以Icouldswimattheageofseven.(肯定)→Icouldn’tswimattheageofseven.(否定)→Couldyouswimattheageofseven?(一般疑问)情态动词过去式词义句型变化maymight可能;也许Youmaytakeawalkaftersupper.(肯定)→Youmaynottakeawalkaftersupper.(否定)→MayItakeawalkaftersupper?(一般疑问)情态动词过去式词义句型变化must必须；一定Wemustarrivehomebefore10:00.(肯定)→Weneedn’t(don’thaveto)arrivehomebefore10:00.(否定)→Mustyouarrivehomebefore10:00?(一般疑问)情态动词过去式词义句型变化have/hastohadto不得不Tomhadtogohomeonfootlastnight.(肯定)→Tomdidn’thavetogohomeonfootlastnight.(否定)→DidTomhavetogohomeonfootlastnight?(一般疑问)情态动词过去式词义句型变化shallshould应该Studentsshouldbeallowedtoplaycomputergames.(肯定)→Studentsshouldn’tbeallowedtoplaycomputergames.(否定)→Shouldstudentsbeallowedtoplaycomputergames?(一般疑问)情态动词过去式词义句型变化need需要注意：need作情态动词使用时，只用于疑问句和否定句中。→NeedIcloseallthewindows?(一般疑问)→Youneedn’tcloseallthewindows.(否定)情态动词过去式词义句型变化hadbetter最好Youhadbetterstayathome.(肯定)→Youhadbetternotstayathome.(否定)注意：几个情态动词在一般疑问句中的回答。①—MayIsmokehere?我可以在这里抽烟吗？—Yes,youmay.是的，你可以。/—No,youmustn’t/can’t.不，你不可以。②—Canyoucometoseemetomorrow?你明天能来看我吗？—Yes,Ican.是的，我可以。/—No,Ican’t.不，我不能。③—Musthegonow?他一定要现在走吗？—Yes,hemust.是的，他必须走。/—No,heneedn’t(doesn’thaveto).不，他不需要。④—NeedIfinishmyhomeworktoday?我需要今天完成作业吗？—Yes,youmust.是的，你必须。/—No,youneedn’t.不，你不需要。2.情态动词的常见用法情态动词用法例子can/could表示“能；会”表示能力IcanspeakEnglishwell.我能说一口流利的英语。情态动词用法例子can,may表示“可以”，在疑问句中表示有礼貌地提出请求表示请求和允许—MayIclosethewindow?我能关窗