活性污泥法英文

RemovalofOrganicPollutantsfromSewagebyActiveSludgeMethodIntroductionofwaterpollutionActiveSludgeMethodComparisonofactivatedsludgeprocessandthebiologicalmembranemethodIntroductionofwaterpollution!!!JOKEWaterOilWhatiswaterpollutionWaterpollutionisthecontaminationofwaterbodies.(e.g.lakes,rivers,oceans,aquifersandgroundwater).Waterpollutionoccurswhenpollutantsaredirectlyorindirectlydischargedintowaterbodieswithoutadequatetreatmenttoremoveharmfulcompounds.TypesofwaterpollutionByApplicationDomesticwastewaterIndustrialwastewaterByIngredientOrganicwasteInorganicwasteSourcesofpollutantsIndustrialwastewater:Theliquidwastesdischargedbyallkindsofindustrialandminingenterprisesintheproductionprocess,withlarge,wide,complexcomposition,toxicity,easypurification,refractorycharacteristicsAgriculturesewage:Mainlyfromanimalwaste,pesticides,fertilizersDomesticwastewater:Avarietyofwashwaterinlife,containingtheorganicnon-toxicsalts,aerobicorganic,inorganicsaltssuchasnitrogenandphosphoruscontentWaterpollutionperformanceHeavymetalpollutionMercury(Hg)Cadmium(Cd)Lead(Pb)Chromium(Cr)EutrophicationBloomsRedTideMarineoilpollutionBayRouteOffshorewellsHeavymetalpollutionHeavymetalpollutionBloomsRedtideMarineoilpollutionActiveSludgeMethodWhatis'ActivatedSludge'Activatedsludgeisaprocessfortreatingsewageandindustrialwastewatersusingairandabiologicalfloccomposedofbacteriaandprotozoa.History•1913,UK•EdwardArdernandW.T.Lockett•ManchesterCorporationRiversDepartmentatDavyhulmeSewageWorks•PublicHealth&EnvironmentActivatedsludgemethod•Aerobicbio-method:•Domesticsewage•Industrialwastewater•Remove:•Dissolvedorcolloidalbiodegradableorganicmatter•Somesuspendedsolidmatter•Inorganicsaltsclass(partiallyremoved)Arrangement&Process•Aerationtank•SettlingtankMixedcultivationcontinuousfermentor(混菌培养连续培养器)Tyesofplants•Packageplants•Oxidationditch•Deepshaft•Surface-aeratedbasins/lagoonsActivatedsludgesysteminChinaExampleofacompleteactivatedsludgetreatmentsystem(London)Theresults•Organicpollutantsinwastewaterobtainedthedegradationandremoval•Activatedsludgeitselftogrowandmultiply•ThewatertobepurifiedPerspectives•Thesurvivaloftheinoculatedbacterialstrainsinactivatedsludgeisthefirstprerequisitetoobtaintheirdegradativeactivity.•Somephysiologicalactivities(growth,enzyme-catalysedreactions,plasmidtransferetc.)onlytakeplacewhenacertainnumberofabacterialspeciesarepresent.•Theinfluenceofaggregatingpropertiesonbacterialsurvival,degradationandconjugationcapacityinanactivatedsludgeunithasnotbeeninvestigatedindepthsofar.ComparisonofactivatedsludgeprocessandthebiologicalmembranemethodTheadvantagesanddisadvantagesoftheactivatedsludgeprocess•Foralongtime,wetakeactivatedsludgeprocesstodealwithcitylifewastewater.Itisatwo-stagebiologicaltreatmentprocess,whichisusedmostwidelyallovertheworld.Characteristicsofactivatedsludgeprocess•Itusetheconventionalactivatedsludgeprocess,whichhashighcapitalexpenditure,highoperatingcost,largeenergyconsumption(能源消耗)andcomplexmanagement.Itispronetogetsludgebulkingphenomena(污泥膨胀现象),ortheprocessequipmentcan’tmeettherequirementsofhighefficiencyandlowconsumption.Withthesewagedischargestandardcontinuousstrictly,therequirementsofnitrogen,phosphorusandothernutrientsinsewagedischargebecomehigher.Thetraditionalsewagetreatmenttechnologywiththefunctionofnitrogenandphosphorusremovalmainlyralyonactivatedsludgeprocess.Itoftenneedmorethanoneanaerobicandaerobicreactorinseries,formingmultilevelreactionpool.Byincreasingtheinternalcirculationtotoachievetheaimofphosphorusandnitrogenremoval.Thecostofinfrastructureinvestmentandenergyconsumptionmustbeincreased,andthemanagementbecomemorecomplex.Activatedsludgeprocessgeneratesalargenumberofsurplussludge,andtheneedforsludgeharmlesstreatmentincreaseinvestment.Advantagesanddisadvantagesofbiologicalmembranemethod•Thebiologicalmembranemethodisalsoacommonmethodtodealwithcitysewage.•Comparedwiththeactivatedsludgeprocess,ithasthefollowingcharacteristicsThebiologicalfilmhasastrongadaptabilityonthechangeofwaterquality.Themanagementisconvenient,andnoexpansionsludge.microorganismdependonthesurfaceofthecarrier,someorganismswiththelonggenerationtimeareabletoproliferate.Biologicalspeciesaremoreabundant,stable,andlessexcesssludgewillbeproducted.ItcandealwiththesewagewithlowconcentrationDeficienciesofbiofilmprocess•Thebiofilmcarriersincreaseinvestmentofthesystem•Thecarriermaterialshavesmallspecificsurfacearea.Reactiondevicecapacityislimited,andspaceefficiencyislow.•Microbialbiomassattachedtothesolidsurfaceisdifficulttocontrol,andOperatingflexibilityisnotsogood•oxygensupplyisRelyonnaturalventilation,ithaslessoxygenthanactivatedsludgeprocess.soitiseasytogenerateanaerobic.Throughthecomparisonandanalysisabove,howtomakethecitysewagetreatmentprocesstowardslowenergyconsumption,highefficiency,littleresidualsludge,mostconvenientoperationandmanagement,aswellastherealizationofphosphorusrecoveryandrecycling,sustainabledevelopment,hasbecometheissuesofcommonconcernbetweenthefieldofsewagetreatmentatpresent.Emergenceofnewsewagetreatmentprocessm