v-ing作定语和状语

attribute定语是修饰___词.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_____；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_____。名前后V-ing形式作定语有以下几种情况：•1、表示其动作是其所修饰的名词发出的，与所修饰的名词是主动关系。单个的V-ing形式作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的前面；V-ing短语作定语时，一般放在被修饰词的后面。•2、表示所修饰的名词正在进行的动作。•Theperformerentertainingthechildrenisafriendofmyfather.•3、表示物体的用途。•Itisabadhabittowastedrinkingwater.1.It’sapleasuretowatchthefaceofa____baby.A.asleepB.sleepC.sleepingD.slept2.The____buildingsshowedusthatanearthquakewascoming.A.shakingB.shookC.shakenD.shake3.Thehotel______nowbesidetheparkwasdesignedbyagroupofyoungmen.A.tobebuiltB.beingbuiltC.builtD.buildingCAB状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态的特征状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等。adverbial现在分词作状语现在分词作状语时,分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语,分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系,否则不能用现在分词作状语。但要注意它的各种形式变化:主动形式被动形式V-ingbeingV-edhavingV-edhavingbeenV-ed一般式完成式现在分词作状语现在分词作状语，常常用来表示原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、让步、伴随状况等。现在分词一般不用作表目的的状语（通常用不定式表目的状语）。1、作时间状语•Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.•(=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.)•Havingfoundhercarstolen,shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp.•(=Aftershefoundhercarstolen,shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp.)同时发生先发生在逻辑上，当动词-ing形式表示的动作和句子谓语动词表示的动作同时发生时用一般式（V-ing);在句子谓语动词表示的动作之前发生时用完成式(havingdone).1.__________inthefieldsonaMarchafternoon,hecouldfeelthewarmthofSpring.A.TowalkB.HavingwalkedC.WalkedD.Walking2.Theoldman,________aboardfortwentyyears,isonthewaybacktohismotherland.A.toworkB.workingC.tohaveworkedD.havingworkedDD2、作原因状语•Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.•(=Because/Ashewasill,hedidn’tgotoschool.)•Beingastudent,youshouldstudyhard.•(=Sinceyouareastudent,youshouldstudyhard.)•Notthinkinghemightbeathome,Icalledhim.•(=AsIdidn’tthinkhemightbeathome,Icalledhim.)because,as,since表示原因的动词-ing形式一般放于句首，相当于一个原因状语从句。其否定式直接在句首加not.1.____areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.(NMET92)A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived2.______histelephonenumber,shehadsomedifficultygettingintouchwithBill.(1991上海)A.NotknowingB.knowingnotC.NothavingknownD.HavingnotknownCA现在分词作原因状语,分词结构中否定词通常放在现在分词前面。作原因状语3、作方式、伴随状语：作伴随状语的分词表示的动作必须是主语的一个动作，或是与谓语表示的动作或状态同时发生，或补充说明谓语的具体情况。Hesatonthesofa,watchingTV.•(=Hesatonthesofa,andwatchedTV.)•Isawseveralyoungpeopleenterthewaitingarealookingaroundcuriously.•(=Isawseveralyoungpeopleenterthewaitingareaandtheylookedaroundcuriously.)动词-ing表伴随时，可以扩展成为一个并列句。1.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,______alongspeechforthepresident.A.whopreparesB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing2.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman_____hishandintothepocketofapassenger.(2004.北京）A.putB.tobeputC.toputD.puttingBD4、作结果状语•Unfortunatelyhisfatherdied,leavingthefamilyevenworseoff.•(=Unfortunatelyhisfatherdied,andleftthefamilyevenworseoff.)•全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受欢迎的歌曲。•Thesongissungalloverthecountry,_____________________________.makingitthemostpopularsong5、作条件状语•Workingharder,youwillsucceed.•(=Ifyouworkharder,youwillsucceed.)动词-ing形式作条件状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。•一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色的房子。•Walkingahead,youwillseeawhitehouse.•Keepingontrying,youwillrealizeyourdream.Keepontrying,andyouwillrealizeyourdream.6、作让步状语•Beingyoung，thelittleboyknowsalotaboutcomputer.•(=Thoughthelittleboyisyoung,heknowsalotaboutcomputer.)•Beingcleverenough,youshouldaskmeformoreadvice.•(=Althoughyouarecleverenough,youshouldaskmeformoreadvice.)though,althoughTimepermitting,Iwillpayavisittothewholecity.7.独立主格结构我们到达长春时是午夜。______________________,itwasmidnight.Wearrivinginchuangchun分词作状语时，分词的逻辑助于必须与句子的主语保持一致。当非谓语动作的主语不是句子的主语时，必须加上其自己的逻辑主语，这种结构成为独立主格结构。如：独立成分作状语有些分词作状语时，起形式的选用不收上下文的影响，称作独立成分或插入语。常见的有：generally/frankly/strictlyspeaking一般而言/坦率地说/严格地说judgingfrom/by根据…来判断considering/taking…intoconsideration考虑到…；鉴于…supposing/providing/providedthat如果comparedwith与…相比例如①Judgingfromhisaccent,heisfromthesouth.②Consideringyourhealth,you‘dbetterhavearest.练习：1.Manystudents_____around,Iexplainedthestoryintodetails.（07重庆）A.stoodB.standingC.tostandD.werestanding2.There___nothingtotalkabout,everyoneintheroomremainedsilent.A.wasB.hadC.beingD.having现在分词与过去分词区别两者之间的区别主要体现在时态和语态上：（1）在时态上：现在分词表示正在进行，而过去分词表示已经完成。例如：（2）在语态上：现在分词表示主动；而过去分词表示被动。总之，现在分词表主动、进行；过去分词表被动、完成。在句法功能上它们都可以作定语和状语，它们的具体区别如下：Chinaisadevelopingcountry,whileAmericaisadevelopedone.1、作定语时取决于分词与被修饰词的关系：主动关系或主谓关系用doing被动关系或动宾关系用done1.Themeetingheldlastweekisveryimportant.2.Tellthechildrenplayingtherenottomakesomuchnoise.3.Theylivedinaroomfacingthesouth.4.Ihatetoseeletterswritteninpencil.被动关系被动关系主动关系主动关系练习1.Mrs.Whiteshowedherstudentssomeoldmaps______fromthelibrary.（10全国1）A.toborrowB.tobeborrowedC.borrowedD.borrowing2.Forbreakfastheonlydrinksjuicefromfreshfruit_____onhisownfarm.（09北京）A.grownB.beinggrownC.tobegrownD.togrow3.Thereisagreatdealofevidence_______thatmusicactivitiesengagedifferentpartsofthebrain.（09浙江）A.indicateB.indicatingC.toindicateD.tobeindicating4.Withthegovernment’said,those_____bytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.（09上海）A.affectB.affectingC.affectedD.wereaffected2.作状语时1）.分词的选取：取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主动关系，用doing被动关系，用done例如：Seenfromthemoon,theearthlookslikeablueball.Seeingnobodyathome,heleft.被动关系主动关系练习：1.Itrainedheavilyinthesouth,_____seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.（10天津）A.causedB.havingcausedC.causi