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2016年考研英语阅读理解精讲-真题篇2005text1text2白文昌GavinQQ：642677382微博：Mr虚无英语阅读之定位关键词：数字，大写词斜体词特殊符号词（引号，破折号，书名号等）区域定位段落定位阅读正确选项的特征同义替换usually/often客观描述主动被动全面总结阅读选项考察重点转折关系转折之后是重点转折词：but，yet，however，nonetheless，nevertheless，insteadof，while等强调词：especially，indeed，infact，surely，definitely，aboveall等因果关系递进关系顺成关系让不关系比较关系2005年part1Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviourisregardedas'alltoohuman',withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitisalltoomonkey,aswell.Theresearchersstudiedthebehaviouroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregood-natured,co-operativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodreadily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueofgoodsandservicesthanmales.SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan'sandDr.deWaal'sstudy.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbehaviourbecamemarkedlydifferent.Intheworldofcapuchins,grapesareluxurygoods（andmuchpreferabletocucumbers）.Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedtoacceptthesliceofcucumber.Indeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber（withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit）wasenoughtoinduceresentmentinafemalecapuchin.Theresearcherssuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions.Inthewild,theyareaco-operative,group-livingspecies.Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.1.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby[A]posingacontrast.[B]justifyinganassumption.[C]makingacomparison.[D]explainingaphenomenon.2.Thestatementitisalltoomonkey（Lastline,Paragraph1）impliesthat[A]monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackrivals.[B]resentingunfairnessisalsomonkeys'nature.[C]monkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachother.[D]noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions.3.Femalecapuchinmonkeyswerechosenfortheresearchmostprobablybecausetheyare[A]moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyget.[B]attentivetoresearchers'instructions.[C]niceinbothappearanceandtemperament.[D]moregenerousthantheirmalecompanions.4.Dr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys[A]prefergrapestocucumbers.[B]canbetaughttoexchangethings.[C]willnotbeco-operativeiffeelingcheated.[D]areunhappywhenseparatedfromothers.5.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?[A]Monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions[B]Humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource.[C]Animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo.[D]Cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyinthewild.重点词汇：1.afatpayrise涨得很高的工资2.vanish（消失，不复存在）即van=empty空+ish形容词后缀：倾向于。Thewonderfulvanishedintothinair.美梦化作泡影3.colleague（同事，同僚）即col=con共同+leag=leg选+ue→共同被选出的。Davidisacolleagueofmine.戴维是我的同事［辨］companion（同伴，共事者）即com一起+pan面包+ion→一起吃面包→谋生的人。Adogisafaithfullcompanyion.狗是忠实的伙伴4.reputation（名气，名声，名望）Liveuptoone’sreputation.不负盛名5.slack（懈怠，懒散）slacklaws不完善的法律Bussinessisslackatthisseason.这一季节生意萧条Thetennisnethungslack.网球的网松悬着6.outrage（暴行，伤害，激怒）即out过度+rage动怒→“出离愤怒了”。Anoutrageagainstjustice.对正义的严重损害MembersofParliamentwereoutragedbythenewsofbomboutragesinthecountry.国内发生了炸弹暴力事件的消息引起了国会议员的义愤7.alltohuman人所特有的→人性8.underling（潜在的，含蓄的）Thereareunderlyingsimilaritiesbetweenallhumanbeings.人与人之间有内在相似之处Theunderlyingthemeofthenovelisveryserious.小说内在的主题很严肃9.assumption（假定；承担；呈现）Thetheoryisbasedonaseriesofwrongassumptions.这一理论是以一系列错误的设想为根据的。动词：assume10.grievance抱怨，不平，怨愤）即griev=heavy沉重+ance。Heextravagantcegivehimasenseofgrievance.他的挥霍使他感到不满11.capuchinmonkey僧帽猴一种原产于美洲的卷尾猴（sapajou），头上有类似风帽的一镞头发12.good-natured（和蔼的，和善的）又如：mean-natured情绪性的sweet-natured性格温和的13.tardily（缓慢）形容词：拖拉的。14.counterPart（对应的人或物）即counter相反+Part部分＝“对应的部分”→对音的人或物。TheRedCrossSocietyofChinaanditsIcelandiccounterPart.中国红十字会和冰岛红十字会Canada’sPrimeMinisteristhecounterPartoftheU.S.president.加拿大总理相当于美国总统。参见2000年Passage4。15.candidate（候选人，求职者）即cand白，发光+id+ate→白色的人→候选人。Masteralcandidate考研人16.inexchangefor（作为[对…的]交换[或替代]）exchange=ex出+change换→换出17.token（象征的东西，代币）Tearsarequeertokensofhappiness.眼泪是快乐的一种奇特的表示18.slice（薄片，切片；一份，部分）asliceofgoodluck.一份好运abooktoamuseyou,nottogiveyouasliceoflife.