英语口语听力练习

MicroscopeandTelescopeGroupOneHistoryofmicroscopeApieceoftransparentcrystalthickerinthemiddlethanattheedges:madethingslooklarger.Suchacrystalwouldfocusthesun’sraysandsetfiretoapieceofparchmentorclothMagnifiersand“burningglasses”or“magnifyingglasses”arementionedbySenecaandPlinyduringthefirstcenturyA.D..Theinventionofspectaclestowardtheendofthe13thcentury.Theywerenamedlensesbecausetheyareshapedliketheseedsofalentil.TheearliestsimplemicroscopeTheseexcitedgeneralwonderwhenusedtoviewfleasortinycreepingthingsandsoweredubbed“fleaglasses.”About1590,ZacchariasJanssenandHansdiscoveredthatnearbyobjectsappearedgreatlyenlarged.Thatwastheforerunnerofthecompoundmicroscope.Historyoftelescopethequantumleapfromnaked-eyeobservationtoinstrumentaddedvisionTelescopebeganwiththelens.SpectacleswerebeingworninItalyasearlyas1300.Theinventorwasprobablymakingglassdisksforleadedwindowsanddiscoveredthathecouldseebetter.Twochildrenpeeredthroughlensandsawchurchtowermagnified.Lippersheylookedforhimself,creatinghis“looker”.In1608,hetriedtosellittothearmy.Thatsameyear(1608)theFrenchambassadorattheHagueobtainedoneforKingHenryIV.Andinthenextyear,theywerebeingsoldinParisandGermanyunderthenameof“DutchTrunks,”“perspectives”and“cylinders.”Bytheendof1609,theywerebeingmadeinLondon.TheysoonappearedinMilanandVenice.DevelopmentOfMicroscopeSortsOfMicroscopeMicroscopeOpticalElectronMynameisHooke.ImakeIt!HahaFirstCompoundOpticalMicroscopeMidOf17thCenturyStereolightmicroscopeTheDevelopmentOfTheOpticalMicroscopeCalibrationOfImageMeasurementSystemCellCuttingSystemLaserScanningConfocalMicroscopeWhatageniusIam!TheFirstElectronMicroscope1931KnollScanningTunnelingMicroscope1982ArrayOfAtomsScanningProbeMicroscopeTheDevelopmentofTelescopeInthelast400years,manyscientistsallcon-tributedtoinventthetelescope,thefollowingwasthedevelopmenthistoryoftelescopeanditsapplication.In1609,GalileoGalileomadeuseofthelensof“therayweardeeplyglasstheraywillrefracflection”togatherlightprinciple,createdtomake“therefracttypeanastigmatictelescope”(figure2),andusedittocarryonobservationtotheskyfortheveryfirsttime.Galileo(1642-1727)thefirsttelescopefigure1In1668,NewtonNewtoncreatedtomakethefirstreflectorfacemirrortelescope(figure1),clearlyobser-ved8secondaryplanetsoftheJupiter.Helim-initedthedisadvantagethatlenticulartelesco-pebringsaberration,furthermore,ithasmanyadvantages,forexample,ithadashort,cheapandeasymaintenancemirrortube.Newton(1942-1727)thefirstreflectingfacemirrortelescopefigure2During1659to1897Thetelescopesufferedaendlessandslowlydevelopment,manyscientistsofferedownstr-ength.PrimaryscientistsincludedHuygens,Helser,William'sBasenze,andsoon.Helserinventedtherefelectortelescopewhichhasthe30cmdiameterand12mlengthofref-lector.In1918EdwinPowellHubbleHeexploredfarawaygalaxywiththeHooketelescopewhichhasthe2.5metersdiameterofreflector,Hisresearchcontributedtoastronomerunderstandingauni-verseofextentive.Hubble(1889-1953)From1960's,thecalculatorassistedobservationThenowadaysastronomerappliedcalculatorineachstageofthetelescopealldesignsstructureandoperation,urgenewgenerationeffectbettertelescopeapproach,asaresult,scientistsproducedmanydifferentmodes,beapplicabletovariousdifferentmission.During1977to1990Inthisperiod,therewasarapidlyprogresswhichaboutresearchingforthetelescopebyusingofcalculator.Scientistsproducedmanykindsofadvancedtelescope,forinstance,manyreflectorstelescopein1977,medleyandnestedtelescopein1990.TheImpactofTelescopeandMicroscopeTheImpactofTelescopeProbingthemysteriousandimmensitivespaceHubbleSpaceTelescope,whichwassentintothespacein1990,hasbeengraduallybecomealegendintheheartofpeople.FromHubbleSpaceTelescopeTheminorplanetbumpstheEarthTheminorplanetOurearthFixingtheguest(eg:comet,planet)fromthespaceIfthiswouldhappen,theresultcouldn’tbeimagined!EnrichingourlifeTheImpactofMicroscopetelescopecanmakeusseesomefar-awaythings,whilemicroscopecanmakeusseesometinythings.Someinsect’spicturesunderthemicroscopeButterfly’sheadButterfly’sWingOfferingdataforscientiststoresearchthenatureSomeinsect’spicturesunderthemicroscopeBeeIfshewasreallysobigShewouldbeterrible!!!FluevirusOfferinginformationfordoctorstocurethepatientsSomebacteria’spicturesunderthemicroscopeInaword,andhavemanyimpactsinourdailylife.Theyarebothtoolstohelpusknowmoreabouttheworld.FutureofTelescopeandMicroscopeTelescopeTelescopeTelescopeNGSTisanewgenerationspacetelescopewhichisthesuccessorofHubbletelescope.NextGenerationSpaceTelescope(NGST)andSpaceInterferometryMission(SIM)aretwokeyprogramsinNASA'sOriginsprogram.TelescopeNewGenerationofAstronomicalTelescope“Web”TelescopeTelescopeItisintheconditionofvacuuminthemoon.Providingastable,strongandgreatobservationplatformsforastronomicaltelescope.Gravityonthesurfaceofthemoonisonlyone-sixthoftheEarth‘sgravity.TelescopeOh!!!IseeGod!!!AmIHandsome?MicroscopeElectronicalmicroscopeScanningtunnelingmicroscopeandtheformationofSPMfamily.Theultimategoalofmicroscopy--cannotonlybeabletoseeatoms,butalsocanmanipulatethem.MicroscopeIt’sjustOk!Oh,verygood!Prefect!Thankyou