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指代题Lillian苑•1.数量不多：每篇0-2道题。•2.指代词：each,this,that,those,these,it,which,both,neither,that(this)+n(抽象名词）•3.难度不大，因此要确保稳拿到手•4.出题形式：thewordXinthepassagerefersto…..;thewordXinthepassagerefersto…..Formsandsolutions•1.personalpronouns•Jazzisamixtureofmanydifferentkindsofmusic.ItisacombinationofthemusicofWest,theworksonstheslavessang,andreligiousmusic.•人称指代词指代对象是名词；如果说是并列的句子或者相邻两个句子的关系，指代词和被指代对象在句子中充当的位置是一致的。主语对主语。•2.demonstrativepronouns•Nearlyeveryotheranimalhasarelativelyheavycoatoffurtoprotectitfromtheweather.Whenhumansbeganchangingtheirenvironmentbywearingclotesandbuildinghomes,thisbecameunnecessary.•指示代词是指代一个句子或者短语，一般指代对象是本句的主句或者是前一句的主句。•3.relativepros•Nylonhadmanyadvantages:itwastoughandstiff;ittendedtokeepitsshape;andmoisturecouldnotseekintoit,whichdiscouragedthegrowthofbacteria.•关系代词是指代名词或者一个句子（限制性定从和非限制性定从）•4.otherpros•Thekitfoxresemblesitsdistantcousin,thegrayfox.Bothhavethickcoatsandbushytails.•Both，neither都是指代两者；either指代两者中的其中一个•5.pro-forms•TheNilewaterswerefoundtobechokedwithplantmatter.ThatawfulconditionwascausedbyashortageofrainfulintheNile’swatershed.•This,that+noun也是指代某种情况，一般是指代前面句子或者本句中的主句。•Theword“this”inthepassagerefersto•A.theactingoutofrites•B.thedivorceofritualperformersfromtherestofsociety•c,.Theseparationofmythsfromrites•D.thecelebrationofsupernaturalforces•Butthemythsthathavegrownuparoundtheritesmaycontinueaspartofthegroup’soraltraditionandmayevencometobeactedoutunderconditionsdivorcedfromtheserites.Whenthisoccurs,thefirststephasbeentakenforwardtheatreasanautonomousactivity,andtherafteremtertainmentandaestheticvaluesmaygraduallyreplacetheformermysticallyandsociallyefficaciousconerns.•往前走一句，找句子主干，并列句的话，就后半句为主。•2.theword“they”inthepassageiscloestinmeaningto•A.adapted•B.likely•C.difficult•D.resistnt•Assnowisdeeperandlastslongerinthevalleys,treestendtoattaingreaterheightsontheridges,eventhoughtheyaremoreexposedtohigh-velocitywindsandpoor,thinsoilsthere.•从句中的主语跟主干句子中的一致对应。•3.theword“it”inthepassagerefersto•A.pakicetus•B.fish•C.life•D.ocean•Ithasbeeensuggestedthatpakicetusonfishinshallowwaterandwasnotyetadaptedforlifeintheopenocean.Itprobablybredandgavebirthonland.•4.theword“it”refersto•A.theadventofprojection•B.theviewer’srelationshipwiththeimage•C.asimilarmachine•D.celluloid•Withtheadventofprojection,theviewer’srelationshipwiththeimagewasnolongerprivate,asithadbeen…D•Theword“this”inthepassagerefersto•A.thespreadoffernsandmossesinHawaii•B.thecreationoftheHawaiianislands•C.theevolutionofferns•D.thedevelopmentofplantsthatproduceseeds•Manymillionsofyearsafterfernsevolved(butlongbeforetheHawaiianIslandswerebornfromthesea),anotherkindoffloraevolvedonEarth:theseed-bearingplants.Thiswasawonderfulbiologicalinvention.b•Theword“these”inthepassagerefersto•A.religiousceremonies•B.descriptions•C.typesofware•D.pots•Longandoftenlyricaldescriptionsofthedifferenttypesofwareexistthatassistinclassifyingpos,althoughthesesometimesconfuseanalreadylargeandcomplicatedpicture.A•Theword“they”inthepassagerefersto•A.statues•B.gateways•C.temples•d,pillaredcourts•Otherstatuesweredesignedtobeplacedwithinanarchitectualsetting,forinstance,infrontofthemonumentalentrancegatewaystotemplesknownaspylons,orinpillaredcourts,wheretheywouldbeplacedagainstorbetweenpillars:theirfrontalityworkedperfectlywithinthearchitectualcontext.A•Theword“it”inthepassagerefersto•A.anexternalcuesuchassunrise•B.thedailyrhythmofananimal•C.thelocalsolarday•D.acyclewhoseperiodisprecisely24hours•Animalsneednaturalperiodicsignalslikesunrisetomaintainacyclewhoseperiodisprecisely24hours.Suchanexternalcuenotonlycoordinatesananimal’sdailyrhythemswithparticularfeaturesofthelocalsolardaybutalso-becauseitnormallydoessodayafterday-seemstokeeptheinternalclock’speriodclosetothatofearth’srotation.B•Theword“it”refersto•A.theproblem•B.blood•C.theturtle•D.bodytemperature•Theproblemisthatasbloodflowsthroughtheturtle’sflippers,itriskslosingenoughheattolowertheanimal’scentralbodytemperaturewhenitreturns.