不定式用法(The Infinitive)

动词不定式的句法功能Tohaveanicecreamiscool.Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.Allyoushoulddonowistoremembertoday’slesson.Iwantapentowritewith.Heloweredhisheadtosleep.Heaskedhispartnernottocopythehomework.主语宾语表语定语状语宾补一.结构:todo(否定)not/nevertodo二.时态与语态主动语态被动语态一般式进行式完成式完成进行式不定式todotobedonetobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendonetohavebeendoing--------------------Toseeistobelieve.It’simportanttolearnEnglishwell.•单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数•若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式后置.Myjobtohelpthepatient.Yourtasktocleantheclassroom.isis一、不定式作主语二、不定式作表语-ing形式与不定式的区别不定式一般表示某个一次性的、具体的、未做的动作；而-ing形式则表示习惯的或反复的动作。Gettingupearlyisagoodhabit.Tofinishtheworkinaweekisimpossible.1)有些动词要求只接不定式作宾语：hopewishwantagreepromisedemandaskrefusemanagelearndecidepretendchoosefaildareofferhelp三个希望两答应两个要求莫拒绝做到学会作决定不要假装在选择没敢提出来帮助三、不定式和ing形式作宾语的区别2)有些动词只接ing作宾语,常见的有：resist、objectto、delay、lookforwardto、enjoy；mind、imagine、practise、suggest、appreciate.抗议推迟盼喜报，心想练成荐欣赏Beartheminyourmind!几对易混淆的词组：stoptodosth.doingsth.forgettodosth.doingsth.remembertodosth.doingsth.trytodosthdoingsthmeantodosth.doingsth.that从句停下正在做的事情，去做另一件事停止正在做的事情忘记要去做某事（还没有做）忘记做过了某事（已经做完了）记得要去做某事（还没有做）记得曾经做过某事（已经做了）努力做某事尝试做某事打算做某事意味着…四、不带to的不定式作宾补三使letmakehave二听listentohear一感:feel四看watchseeobservenoticeIsawhimgoupstairs.注意：上述词若用在被动语态中，必须把to加上。Hewasseentogoupstairs.eg.Isawhimcookingsupper.Itistrue—IsawHenrycooksupper.IsawsuppercookedwhenIgothome.注意区别：V-ingform强调动作正在进行Done过去分词强调动作已被完成do原形强调动作的全过程不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.(1).Shecoulddonothingbutcry.(2).Ihavenochoicebuttogo.(3).Whatdoyouliketodobesidessleep？Hey,everybody,Ihavesomething_______(say).tosay五、不定式作定语something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。Hehasalotofhomeworktodo.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词。)Pleasegivemeapen__________.towritewithTheoldmansittingatthetablewearsawhiteshirt.Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisourdininghall.Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisourstadium.beingdone，done，进行，被动完成，被动doing,进行，主动Thebuildingtobebuiltnextweekisahospital.tobedone，将来，被动doing,tobedone,beingdone,done作定语时的区别HesurfstheInternet_________(find)someinformation.（目的状语）tofind六、不定式作状语Theywereveryexcitedtohearthenews.（原因状语）Hehurriedtotheschoolonlytofindnobodythere.（结果状语）动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。注意:Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.Sheisproudtohavebeenthere.她为自己曾去过那里感到自豪。Totellthetruth,Iamnothappyatthemoment.七、独立结构•tobefrank,•tobehonest,•totell(you)thetruth坦率地说说实话说实话八、不定式的省略(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.---Wouldyouliketogowithme?---I’dliketo.(2).不定式是tobe结构,be不可省.---Wouldyouliketobeateacher?---I’dliketobe.Useyourhead!1.Mywifesaidinherletterthatshewouldappreciate____fromyousometime.A.tohaveheardB.tohearC.forhearingD.hearing2.Robertissaid___abroad,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tobestudyingC.tostudyD.tohavebeenstudying3.InAustraliahemadealotoffriends______averypracticalknowledgeofEnglish.A.getB.gettingC.togetD.got4.Theyareconsidering____beforethepricesgoup.A.ofbuyingthehouseB.withbuyingthehouseC.buyingthehouseD.tobuythehouse5.Pauldoesn'thavetobemade________.Healwaysworkshard.A.studyB.tostudyC.studiedD.studying6.Theparty____yesterdayisagreatsuccess.A.heldB.holdingC.beingholdD.tobeheld7.Thegirlkept______backalltheway,shewasafraidof________.A.tosee,followingB.tosee,beingfollowedC.seeing,followingD.seeing,beingfollowed8.Iwouldratherstarvetodeaththan________forfood.A.begB.beggingC.beggedD.tobeg9.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows____.A.itwhattodowithB.whattodowithitC.whattodoitwithD.todowhatwithit10.______lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep11.---Didyougetajob?---No,I_______,butit’snouse.A.expectedB.triedtoC.managedtoD.planned12.Yourroomneeds_____.Wouldyoulikeme_______itforyou?A.toclean;todoB.cleaning;todoC.tobecleaned;doingD.cleaned;doing13.LittleJimshouldlove____tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking14.Theteacheraskedus____somuchnoise.A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake15.I’mgoingtothemarketthisafternoon.Doyouhaveanything_____.A.tobebuyingB.tobuyC.tobeboughtD.boughtThanks