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美国经典英文演讲100篇:BlackPowerStokelyCarmichaelBlackPowerdeliveredOctober1966,Berkeley,CA[AUTHENTICITYCERTIFIED:Textversionbelowtranscribeddirectlyfromaudio.(2)]Thankyouverymuch.It’saprivilegeandanhonortobeinthewhiteintellectualghettooftheWest.Wewantedtodoacoupleofthingsbeforewestarted.Thefirstisthat,basedonthefactthatSNCC,throughthearticulationofitsprogrambyitschairman,hasbeenabletowinelectionsinGeorgia,Alabama,Maryland,andbyourappearanceherewillwinanelectioninCalifornia,in1968I'mgoingtorunforPresidentoftheUnitedStates.Ijustcan'tmakeit,'causeIwasn'tbornintheUnitedStates.That'stheonlythingholdingmeback.Wewantedtosaythatthisisastudentconference,asitshouldbe,heldonacampus,andthatwe'renotevertobecaughtupintheintellectualmasturbationofthequestionofBlackPower.That’safunctionofpeoplewhoareadvertisersthatcallthemselvesreporters.Oh,formymembersandfriendsofthepress,myself-appointedwhitecritics,IwasreadingMr.BernardShawtwodaysago,andIcameacrossaveryimportantquotewhichIthinkismostaproposforyou.Hesays,Allcriticismisa[n]autobiography.Digyourself.Okay.ThephilosophersCamusandSartreraisethequestionwhetherornotamancancondemnhimself.Theblackexistentialistphilosopherwhoispragmatic,FrantzFanon,answeredthequestion.Hesaidthatmancouldnot.CamusandSartrewasnot.WeinSNCCtendtoagreewithCamusandSartre,thatamancannotcondemnhimself.¹Werehetocondemnhimself,hewouldthenhavetoinflictpunishmentuponhimself.AnexamplewouldbetheNazis.Anyprisonerwho--anyoftheNaziprisonerswhoadmitted,afterhewascaughtandincarcerated,thathecommittedcrimes,thathekilledallthemanypeoplethathekilled,hecommittedsuicide.Theonlyoneswhowereabletostayaliveweretheoneswhoneveradmittedthattheycommittedacrimes[sic]againstpeople--thatis,theoneswhorationalizedthatJewswerenothumanbeingsanddeservedtobekilled,orthattheywereonlyfollowingorders.Onamoreimmediatescene,theofficialsandthepopulation--thewhitepopulation--inNeshobaCounty,Mississippi--that’swherePhiladelphiais--couldnot--couldnotcondemn[Sheriff]Rainey,hisdeputies,andtheotherfourteenmenthatkilledthreehumanbeings.TheycouldnotbecausetheyelectedMr.Raineytodopreciselywhathedid;andthatforthemtocondemnhimwillbeforthemtocondemnthemselves.Inamuchlargerview,SNCCsaysthatwhiteAmericacannotcondemnherself.Andsinceweareliberal,wehavedoneit:Youstandcondemned.Now,anumberofthingsthatarisesfromthatanswerofhowdoyoucondemnyourselves.Seemstomethattheinstitutionsthatfunctioninthiscountryareclearlyracist,andthatthey'rebuiltuponracism.Andthequestion,then,ishowcanblackpeopleinsideofthiscountrymove?Andthenhowcanwhitepeoplewhosaythey’renotapartofthoseinstitutionsbegintomove?Andhowthendowebegintoclearawaytheobstaclesthatwehaveinthissociety,thatmakeuslivelikehumanbeings?Howcanwebegintobuildinstitutionsthatwillallowpeopletorelatewitheachotherashumanbeings?Thiscountryhasneverdonethat,especiallyaroundthecountryofwhiteorblack.Now,severalpeoplehavebeenupsetbecausewe’vesaidthatintegrationwasirrelevantwheninitiatedbyblacks,andthatinfactitwasasubterfuge,aninsidioussubterfuge,forthemaintenanceofwhitesupremacy.Nowwemaintainthatinthepastsixyearsorso,thiscountryhasbeenfeedingusathalidomidedrugofintegration,andthatsomenegroeshavebeenwalkingdownadreamstreettalkingaboutsittingnexttowhitepeople;andthatthatdoesnotbegintosolvetheproblem;thatwhenwewenttoMississippiwedidnotgotositnexttoRossBarnett²;wedidnotgotositnexttoJimClark³;wewenttogetthemoutofourway;andthatpeopleoughttounderstandthat;thatwewereneverfightingfortherighttointegrate,wewerefightingagainstwhitesupremacy.Now,then,inordertounderstandwhitesupremacywemustdismissthefallaciousnotionthatwhitepeoplecangiveanybodytheirfreedom.Nomancangiveanybodyhisfreedom.Amanisbornfree.Youmayenslaveamanafterheisbornfree,andthatisinfactwhatthiscountrydoes.Itenslavesblackpeopleafterthey’reborn,sothattheonlyactsthatwhitepeoplecandoistostopdenyingblackpeopletheirfreedom;thatis,theymuststopdenyingfreedom.Theynevergiveittoanyone.Nowwewanttotakethattoitslogicalextension,sothatwecouldunderstand,then,whatitsrelevancywouldbeintermsofnewcivilrightsbills.Imaintainthateverycivilrightsbillinthiscountrywaspassedforwhitepeople,notforblackpeople.Forexample,Iamblack.Iknowthat.IalsoknowthatwhileIamblackIamahumanbeing,andthereforeIhavetherighttogointoanypublicplace.Whitepeopledidn'tknowthat.EverytimeItriedtogointoaplacetheystoppedme.Sosomeboyshadtowriteabilltotellthatwhiteman,He’sahumanbeing;don’tstophim.Thatbillwasforthatwhiteman,notforme.Iknewitallthetime.Iknewitallthetime.IknewthatIcouldvoteandthatthatwasn’taprivilege;itwasmyright.EverytimeItriedIwasshot,killedorjailed,beatenoreconomicallydeprived.Sosomebodyhadtowriteabillforwhitepeopletotellthem,Whenablackmancomestovote,don’tbotherhim.Thatbill,again,wasforwhitepeople,notforblackpeople;sothatwhenyoutalkaboutopenoccupancy,IknowIcanliveanyplaceIwanttolive.ItiswhitepeopleacrossthiscountrywhoareincapableofallowingmetolivewhereIwanttolive.Youneedacivilrightsbill,notme.IknowIcanlivewhereIwanttolive.Sothatthefailurestopassacivilrightsbillisn’tbecauseofBlackPower,isn'tbecauseoftheStudentNonviolentCoordinatingCommitt