计算机发展史(英语版)

In1946PennsylvaniaUniversityintheUSAdevelopedthefirstelectroniccomputerintheworldthroughseveralyearshardefforts.ENIAC两位设计者——莫契利和埃克特Inthelate1960sandearly1970s,engineersmadegreatstrides（进步）inreducingthesizeofelectroniccomponents.Theydevelopedthesemiconductorchip(半导体芯片),whichwasaboutthesizeofafingenailandcouldcontainhundredsoftransistors.1955年，贝尔实验室使用800只晶体管组装了世界上第一台晶体管计算机TRADIC。(TransistorDigitalComputer)In1981,InternationalBusinessMachines(IBM),thelargestcomputercompanyintheworld,introduceditsownmicrocomputer,dubbedtheIBMPC(“PC”istheabbreviationforpersonalcomputer).TheFirstIBMPCThiscomputerissmallinsizeandyoucaneasilyarrangeittofitinyourbedroomwithitsall.Todaythisisthoughttobethemostpopularcomputerinall.SitdowninfrontofaniMacandsomethingincrediblehappens:Theworldaroundyouseemstodisappear,andyouloseyourselfinthebig,beautifuldisplay.Tocreateanexperiencethisimmersive(身临其境),wepushedeverylimit,consideredeverydetail,andadvancediMacinastonishing(惊奇)ways.We’vegonetoextraordinarylengths.Andwidths.Theultimateall-in-one.Honedtothecuttingedge.ThefirstiMacwasarevolution:Anall-in-onecomputer(一体机)thatputeverything—mainframe(主机),monitor(显示器)andmore—insideonesimple,fashionableshell(外壳).Today,iMacincludesabrilliantdesktopdisplay,andit’sfilledwiththelatesthigh-performancetechnologies.Yetit’sjust5mmthinatitsedge.Thedevelopmentofcomputertechnologyhasthefollowingfourcharacteristics：1.multi-polarization(多极化)2.Intelligent(智能化)3.networked(网络化)4.multimedia(多媒体)计算机的未来发展趋势DNA计算机激光计算机量子计算机纳米计算机Fifthgenerationcomputerreferstoanewgenerationofcomputers,withartificialintelligence,ithasthereasoning,lenovo,judgment,decisionmaking,learning,andotherfunctions.Thesecomputersare:superconductingcomputers,nanocomputer,lightcomputerandDNAcomputerandquantumcomputer,etc.Fifthgenerationcomputerreferstoanewgenerationofcomputers,withartificialintelligence,ithasthereasoning,lenovo,judgment,decisionmaking,learning,andotherfunctions.Thesecomputersare:superconductingcomputers,nanocomputer,lightcomputerandDNAcomputerandquantumcomputer,etc.第五代计算机是指新一代的计算机，人工智能，它具有推理，联想，判断，决策，学习等功能。这些计算机有：超导计算机，纳米计算机，光计算机和DNA计算机和量子计算机等。Computeristousethelaserasacarrierofinformationprocessingofcomputer,alsocalledis,theirspeedwillbeatleast1000timesfasterthanordinarycomputers.Itreliesonalaserbeam（激光束）intocomposedofareflector（反射镜）andlensarray(透镜阵列)totheinformationprocessing.