完形填空解题步骤与技巧

——解题步骤与技巧完形填空一、高考完形填空特点:•题材常为说明文或夹叙夹议的文章.•内容完整,逻辑性强,语言结构严谨.•考察近义词语细微差别的辨析.•考察重点多为实词:名/代/动词/形容/副词等.•关注语境背景知识,侧重上下关联,暗示判断能力.•侧重于篇章,体现语用判断和内在逻辑.高考英语完形填空题的考查目的完形填空题是对考生英语综合运用能力的考查,既考查考生对语篇的理解能力,包括篇章阅读理解,获取和分析信息的能力,又在语篇层面上考查学生在一定的语境中准确,恰当,得体运用词汇的能力。对应解题策略:更多从语篇整体,语境逻辑和用词得体的角度考虑,而不应局限于某一句或只停留于表面意义。我们做题时存在的主要问题1.做题时的急躁或畏惧心理。很多考生一拿到完形填空题就急于选择答案，不认真分析通篇文章，单纯求快，忽略语篇理解，只看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构。表面上解题速度挺快，但是这种见树不见林的做法只会影响解题的质量的效率。2.不注意文章的上下文联系。上下文是营造语境的基础，也是逻辑推理的依据。通过分析句与句之间的逻辑关系，根据上下文中对比，因果，转折及用途等线索，前后顺序及前后文中提示与解释的关系，可猜出文中的生词和缺失的词。3.同义词用法的辨析不清。4.时间安排不当，在几个选项上过分纠缠，导致许多本可以做出的题来不及做。正确的做法是由易到难，先做会做的，再考虑较难的。一、题型特征与关键完形填空题的短文多为记叙文，富有积极的教育意义。特征是：一篇文章，一个发生在某个场景的故事，期间有一场误会或冲突，最后有一个美丽或美好的结局。注意：一般首句不设空。关键是：上下文意与逻辑，称之为宏观意识；关键词语的同义、近义、和反义的呈现，以及彼此间的细微差别的甄别，称之为微观技能。二、解题三原则1.上下文原则注意联系上下文；注意短语搭配和语义搭配。若选项词义差异很大，文章中就必然藏有提示语，因此，第一个选项有时需要读完全篇才能准确回答。2.语义原则注意选项语义在语境中的理解，不能“想当然”。3.四步解题原则注意按照科学合理的方法进行解题。同时，结合自身的语感优势也是有必要的。三、方法点拨正确的答题步骤一般应该是：第一步，速览全文，把握大意；第二步，细读首句，摸清思路；第三步，瞻前顾后，准确选答；第四步，复核全文，调整答案。四、解题技巧1.利用首句解题2.借助词汇复现现象解题3.依据上下文语境解题4.运用逻辑分析判断解题5.根据词汇固定搭配来解题6.根据文化背景常识来解题1.纵观全文，理解大意作联想。2.微观推敲，先易后难找联系。3.观前顾后，修正核对靠逻辑。So,Remember:1.充分利用句首信息2.抓住中心意思-----围绕什么话题(在文章中出现频率最多的词)3.逻辑推理4.利用上下文线索5.注意固定的搭配6.根据文化背景和生活常识解题7.注意关连词的重要性(特别是转折、并列、因果等等)8.借助词汇复现现象解题HaveatryItwasthenightofthefullmoon,atimewhichalwaysdrivesJava’syoungpeoplemadwithexcitement.Fireworkswerelitlongbeforethemoon36.Thebignoisebroughtpeopleout37thewarmnighttoenjoytheinterestingscene.Everywhere,therewerethepaperremainsof38fireworkslyingontheground.Littleboys39moreandcoveredtheirearsastheywaited40fortheexplosions.36.A.letoutB.gaveoutC.cameoutD.setout37.A.intoB.atC.ofD.from38.A.burningB.usedC.explodingD.broken39.A.litB.boughtC.piledD.removed40.A.patientlyB.calmlyC.worriedlyD.excitedly1.充分利用首句信息解题EveryThursdayafternoon,myarthistoryclassisnotinourusuallecturehallbutinouruniversityArtmuseum.Wespendourone-hourclassdiscussingtwoorthreeofthe1,manyofwhicharebyartiststhatwehavealreadystudiedinclass.Theprofessorbeginsbyselectingone2ofart.Aftergivingusaquickbackgroundontheartist,hewillopenupforclass3.Everyoneisencouragedtogive4onthework.1.A.subjectsB.paintingsC.speechesD.lectures2.A.bookB.passageC.textD.work3.A.discussionB.activityC.argumentD.consideration4.A.questionsB.ideasC.commentsD.thoughts2.抓住中心意思-----围绕什么话题(在文章中出现频率最多的词)3.逻辑推理Afriendofminetakinganadvancedpsychology(心理学)coursespendseverySaturdayworkingwithmentally(智力上)21children,which,thoughalittletiring,shefoundvaluable.Her22arespentplayingwiththekidsand23theirsometimesuncontrolled(失控的)behavior.Thenintheafternoonshewritesa24onherobservations(观察).21.A.harmedB.hurtC.disabledD.excited22.A.holidaysB.morningsC.weekendsD.experiments23.A.helpingB.preventingC.enjoyingD.studying24.A.storyB.diaryC.reportD.noteStudentsgenerallyappreciate(认可)thesespecial50opportunities(机会).Theyarealmostalwaysfunandinteresting,andprofessors51themtoobecausestudentslearnsomuchinjustafewshortmonths.50.A.workingB,livingC.teachingD.learning51.A.holdB.likeC.dislikeD.discoverTryagain1).Wetravelto_______ourknowledgeoftheworldinwhichwelive.Knowledgeobtainedfrombooksaloneisnotenough.A.takeB.touchC.increaseD.find4.依据上下文的线索3).Notallofthesefairiesarethefriendly,people-lovingcharactersthatappearinDisneyfilms,andinsomefolktalestheyare22andcausemuchhumansuffering.A.powerfulB.cruelC.frightenedD.extraordinary4).Tomakesurethathewas__26_withloveandrespect,Nobelarrangedinhis___27__togivethelargestpartofhismoneytoestablishtheNobelprizes,whichwouldbeawardedtopeoplewhomadegreatcontributionstothecausesofpeace,literature,andthesciences.26.A.repaidB.describedC.supportedD.remembered27A.bookB.articleC.willD.contract5.注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。Ayoungman,wetfrom42totoe,explainedthathehad43outofpetrolabout30kmuptheroad.42.A.fingerB.shouldC.headD.hand43.A.driveB.usedC.comeD.runfromheadtotoe从头到脚runoutof用完useup6.根据文化背景和生活常识解题1).(Immediately)theofficersjumpedintotheircarsandrushedtothe＿＿＿hospital.A.animalB.biggestC.plantD.nearest2).Bothofusweresittinginthebaker’svan,whichwasfullofhot__29__withmostdelicioussmell.“hungry?”saidthedriver.Wenodded,andshepulledoutalongthinloafandhandedittous.29.AcoffeeB.soupC.waterD.bread3).Theamountofusablewaterhasalwaysbeenofgreatinterestintheworld.36(Owning)springsandstreamssometimesmeanscontrol,particularlyinthe37areaslikethedesert.37A．dryB．distantC．desertedD．wild4).Inthesummervacationof2017,Iwasfixedwithajob.Iworkedasa(n)______atMr.Breen’sfruitshop.A.operatorB.assistantC.waiterD.secretary5).Theringhadbeendamagedinthegreat_______ofthefire.A.pileB.heatC.powerD.pressure7.注意关连词的重要性(特别是转折、并列、因果等等）1).Hellenwasanoldteacherwithawarmsmileand_____eyes.A.burstingB.freezingC.friendlyD.lively2).Ishruggedmyshoulders.Ithoughtmymother’sideawasabadone,butI____A.guessedB.obeyedC.beggedD.admitted√√8.借助词汇复现现象解题1)Inparticular,therewas(andperhapsstillis)abeliefinfairies.Notallofthese__21__arethefriendly,people-lovingcharactersthatappearinDisneyfilms,andinsomefolk-talestheyare___22__andcausemuchhumansuffering.21A.babiesB.believesC.fairiesD.supermen22.A.powerfulB.cruelC.fright