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1一．定语从句定义及相关术语1.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有when,where,why等。关系词通常有下列三个作用：A.引导定语从句B.代替先行词,C.在定语从句中担当一个成分二．关系代词表格关系词先行词从句成分例句关系代词who人主语，宾语Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?whom人宾语Theboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar.Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworkingwhose人，物定语Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismyclassmate.that人，物主语，宾语表语Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.Sheisnotthepersonthatsheusedtobewhich物主语，宾语Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人，物主语，宾语Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.备注Who,whom,which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that和who关系副词when时间状语Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenwespentourholidaystogether.where地点状语Iknowaplacewherewecanhaveapicnicwhy原因状语Thisisthereasonwhyhewasfired.2例如：（注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分）①Doyouknowtheprofessorwho/thatwillgiveusaspeechnextweek?（作主语）②Ireadareportabouthisnewnovelthat/whichwillsoonbepublished.（作主语）③Theplanthat/whichtheyarguedaboutwassettledatlast.（作宾语）④Thisisthenewsecretary(who/whom/that)Iwouldliketointroducetoyou.（作宾语）⑤Thesoldierwhoselegswerebadlywoundedwasoperatedonwithoutdelay.（作定语）三．6个关系代词的用法1）关系代词that和which的用法which,that在代替物时，一般可以通用。Hisfatherworksinafactorythat/whichmakesTVsets.Thecoat(which/that)Iputonthedeskisblack.▲但在有些情况下，只用that1.先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。①Thisisthebestwaythathasbeenusedagainstpollution.②Englishisthemostdifficultsubjectthatyouwilllearnduringtheseyears.2.先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。①Thisisthelastplace(that)Iwanttovisit.②ItisthefirstAmericanmovieofthiskindthatI’veeverseen.3.先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,any,few,little,no,all,much,every等不定代词时。①Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.②Wehaven’tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.③Thelittlemoney(that)hehadwasstolen.4.先行词前面有theonly,thevery,等修饰时。Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.5.先行词既有人又有物时。Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?6.主句已有疑问词which时。避免重复使用Whichisthebikethatyoulost?7.that在定语从句中作表语Maryisnolongerthegirlthatsheusedtobe.▲不用that的情况①引导非限定性定语从句时。例如：Hetakesexerciseeveryday,whichhasdonealotofgoodtohishealth.3②介词后不能用。Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.▲有些情况只用which①引导非限定性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子。Brucewenttowardsthefire,whichwasstillsmoking.Tomcamebacklate,whichmadehisparentsveryangry.②关系代词作介词的宾语。ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.2）关系代词who和whom的用法who指人，在句中作主语和宾语，作宾语可省略。Whom指人，在句中只能作宾语，可省略，但在介词后面不能省略。Shehasabrotherwhoworkedatthatfactorytenyearsago.Thedoctorwho/whom/that/xshewenttotheUnitedStateswithlastmonthisveryfamous.=ThedoctorwithwhomshewenttotheUnitedStateslastmonthisveryfamous.3）关系代词whose的用法⑴whose是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。①Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen.②Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred.⑵当whose表示物与物的所有格关系时，亦可用ofwhich的形式。①Thebuildingwhoseroofyoucanseefromhereisanewrestaurant.→Thebuilding,theroofofwhichyoucanseefromhere,isanewrestaurant.或→Thebuilding,ofwhichtheroofyoucanseefromhereisanewrestaurant.4）关系代词as的用法先行词前有such、thesame时关系代词用asI’veneverheardsuchstoriesashetells.Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.ThisisthesamedictionaryasIlostlastweek.5）关系副词的用法含义相当于\介词+which\结构，因此常常和\介词+which\结构交替使用关系副词引导的定语从句①when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallyarrived.②where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.③why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。4Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.when=onwhichwhere=inwhichreason=forwhichThedaywhen/onwhichImethimfirstwasMay1st.Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.Idon’tknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn’tcome..并非先行词表示时间或地点时都分别用when或where来引导相应的定语从句，若关系词在修饰表示时间或地点的先行词的定语从句中充当主语、宾语等而不是状语时，需用which或that引导相应的定语从句。Doyoustillrememberthedayswhich/thatwespenttogetherinschool?先行词thedays表时间，但是其定语从句的引导词在定语从句中作宾语而不是状语，因此不能用when而应该用which或that。ThisisthedaywhenIjoinedtheparty/whichhespentreadingthebooks/whichIstillneverforget.ThisistheplacewhereIfoundthebook./whichweoncevisited/whichIwillneverforget/whichIamlookingforThisisthereasonwhyhewaslate/thathegaveatthemeetingforhisbeinglate.④.以theway为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由inwhich或that引导，而且通常可以省略。Theway(that/inwhich)heansweredthequestionswassurprising.Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)youlaughather.四．介词+关系代词关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。介词+which（指事）介词+whom（指人）①Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.②TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazine(which/that)youaskedfor.TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazineforwhichyouasked.③Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtenniswithyesterday.④We’llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/who/that)wehaveoftentalkedabout.We’llgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.⑤ThebosswhosecompanyIworkinpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.ThebossinwhosecompanyIworkpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who,that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。Themanwithwh