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高一英语阅读指导（II）通用版【本讲主要内容】阅读指导（II）【知识总结归纳】主要题型归纳：1.考察细节理解题：对所读阅读材料中的细节问题的考察是考试中的常见题型。在记叙文中，一般都是针对某个情节的一些细节进行提问，而对于议论文和说明文而言，往往用一些细节，如事例，数字等来说明主题或支持作者的观点。这类题型的问题通常以what,when,where,who,which,why,how等来提问。比较简单的题目会在选项中以与原文基本相同的句子出现，而有的题目会换一个说法，这就要求同学们不仅要读懂文章中的细节，也要读懂选项。有时一个题目也可能涉及到多个文章细节，细节之间又互相交织在一起，需要辨别。解题方法：（1）认真阅读题干，仔细查找文章中对应的细节（2）把握文章的主题，弄清主题与细节，细节与细节的关系。Example:Pointandclick,pointandclick.ThisisthehourafterIfinishmyhomework.AsIwritethatlastchemistryanswer,mymindwanderswhatawaitsmeintheworldoftheWeb.SoonIwillbetalkingtofriendsthroughimmediatemessages,readingnewmailinmyinboxandcheckingoutteensitesfortheautumnfashion.Manyteensspendhourson-line.It’safunnynewwayofcommunicationandexploration.AsIpointandclickaway,Ifeellikeadetective.IfIhaveaquestiononrelationshipsorotherproblems,IlooktothemillionsofteensontheWebforadvice.Manysitesofferarticleswrittenbyteens,andreadingmessageboardsisalsoveryhelpfulwhenlookingforadvice.Forhomework,theon-lineencyclopediasneverstoptoprovidejusttheinformationIamlookingfor.Anotherimportantpartofmylifeon-lineiscommunication.Althoughe-mailandimmediatemessageswillneverreplacetraditionalmailandthetelephone,IdodependheavilyontheWebforimmediatecommunication.IlovethatbecauseIcangoon-lineandtalktomyfriendinIrelandjustaseasilyasIcantalktomyfriendsinthenexttown.Ane-mailtomygrandmothertellsherhowmuchIcareinamatterofseconds,andprivatechatroomsevenprovideagreatdiscussionforlate-nightstudygroups.Communicationisabasicpartofeverybody’slife,andtheWebisatooltomakecommunicationeasier.Withaclickofmymouse,theanswerstomyquestionsarejustsecondsaway.TheWebhelpsmefindgreatsummerjobinformation,thehottestnewmovieandeventhemostpopularplacestohangoutinmyarea.Whowouldeverhavethoughtthattheworldwouldbeatourfingertips?TheservicestheInternetprovidesareendless.ItcanmeettheneedsofastudentinAlaskajustthesameasitmeetstheneedsofabusinessmaninJapan.IlovetheInternet,andIguessIamjustagirlinapointandclickworld.1.WhendoesthewritergoontheInternet?A.Beforeshedoesherhomework.B.Aftershefinisheschemistryhomework.C.Whenshewantstocommunicatewithherfriends.D.Assoonassheisreadytofindinformation.2.ThewriterdoesthefollowingwiththeInternetexcept_______.A.findinginformationforclothesB.meetingafriendintheforeigncountryC.mailingalettertohergrandmotherD.askingforadviceonjobs3.ThewritersaystheInternetisvery______.A.usefulandeasyB.fastandhandyC.directandlovableD.basicandendless答案：1.D2.B3.B2.主旨大意题这类题型用来考察学生对文章主题或中心的把握和理解，也就是考察学生概括和归纳文章中心的能力。主要有以下几种问题的方式：Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellus?Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?解题方法：（1）找主题句，有些文章有主题句，如果在阅读的过程中，同学们能准确的找到主题句，有助于正确的找到答案。主题句通常会出现在文章的开头，结尾或中间部分。（2）掌握文章每段的段意，文章的发展线索，段落与段落之间的关系，有助于文章中心的归纳。（3）注意抓关键句，关键词，对文章中的个别难句，如果不影响文章的整体理解，可以跳过去。Example:Aroundtheworldmoreandmorepeoplearetakingpartindangeroussportsandactivities.Ofcourse,therehavealwaysbeenpeoplewhohavelookedforadventure---thosewhohaveclimbedthehighestmountains,exploredunknownpartsoftheworldorsailedinsmallboatsacrossthegreatestoceans.Now,however,therearepeoplewhoseekanimmediatethrillfromariskyactivitywhichmayonlylastafewminutesorevenseconds.Iwouldconsiderbungeejumpingtobeagoodexampleofsuchanactivity.Youjumpfromahighplace(perhapsabridgeorahot-airballoon)200metersabovethegroundwithanelasticropetiedtoyourankles.Youfallatupto150kilometers.Estimatedthat2millionpeoplearoundtheworldhavenowtriedbungeejumping.Otheractivitieswhichmostpeoplewouldsayareasriskyasbungeejumpinginvolvejumpingfromtallbuildingsanddivingintotheseafromthetopofhighcliffs.Whydopeopletakepartinsuchactivitiesasthese?Somepsychologistssuggestthatitisbecauselifeinamodernsocietyhasbecomesafeandboring.Notverylongagopeople’sliveswereconstantlyunderthreat.Theyhadtogooutandhuntforfood,diseasescouldnoteasilybecured,andlifewasacontinuousbattleforsurvival.Nowadays,accordingtomanypeople,lifeofferslittleexcitement.Theyliveandworkincomparativelysafeenvironments;theybuyfoodinshops;andtherearedoctorsandhospitalstolookafterthemiftheybecomeill.Theanswerforsomeofthesepeopleistoseekdangerinactivitiessuchasbungeejumping.1.Asuitabletitleforthetextis_______.A.DangerousSports:WhatandWhyB.TheBoredomofModernLifeC.BungeeJumping:IsItReallyDangerous?D.TheNeedforExcitement2.Moreandmorepeopletodayare______.A.tryingactivitiessuchasbungeejumpingB.climbingthehighestmountainsC.comingclosetodeathinsportsD.lookingforadventuressuchasexploringunknownplaces3.Peopleprobablytakepartindangeroussportsnowadaysbecause_____.A.theyhavealotoffreetimeB.theycangotohospitaliftheyareinjuredC.theirliveslackexcitementD.theynolongerneedtohuntforfood答案：1.A2.A3.C3.词意理解题：对词义的理解往往决定对一篇文章的理解，所以这是阅读理解的重要组成部分。它经常以问某个词在文章中的意思而出现，或者通过判断选项的正确性考察学生对词义的理解。解题方法：（1）从文章的上下文中去找答案，可能在某句话中就有对它的解释，或者是近义词，反义词等线索。（2）依据构词法来猜测词义，（3）根据上下文从句子的意思来猜测词义。Example:1.Inthe19thcenturythousandsofIndianswerecruellydrivenfromtheirwongoodlandandtakentoreservations.Oftenthesereservationswerehundredsofmilesawayfromtheirrealhome.TodayalargenumberofNorthAmericanIndiansstillliveonreservations.（1）Theword“reservations”inthepassage