高三英语宾语补足语的用法

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宾语补足语的用法英语的五个基本结构S十V主谓结构S十V十P主系表结构S十V十O主谓宾结构S十V十O1十O2主谓双宾结构S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语1.S十V句式Herunsquickly.他跑得快。2.S十V十P句式:Thestorysoundsinteresting.这个故事听起来有趣。3.S十V十O句式Theybuiltahouselastyear.他们去年建了一所房子。4.S十V十O1十O2句式Heofferedmehisseat/hisseattome.他把座位让给我。5.S十V十O十C句式Theyfoundherhappythatday.他们发现那天她很高兴。Ifoundhimout.我发现他出去了。TheynamedtheboyCharlie.他们给这个男孩起名为查理。Isawhimcomeinandgoout.我见他进来又出去。Theyfeltthecarmovingfast.他们感到汽车行驶得很快。Hefoundthedoorofstudyclosedtohim.他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有:1、名词:Wemadehimourmonitor.Theythoughtthisgoodadvice.TheynamedtheirdaughterJenny.注①:常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有:call,name,elect,make,think,appoint,choose,find,consider,keep,wish,feel等。注②:充当宾语补足语的名词若表示正式的或独一无二的头衔、职位时,前面一般不用冠词,如:TheyelectedJohnchairmanofthecommittee.2、形容词:Youshouldkeepyourroomcleanandtidy.We’dbetterleavethedooropen.注:常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有:believe,think,get,keep,make,find,set,like,wish,see,consider,prove,have,leave,以及paint,drive,turn,cut等。3、现在分词:I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsolong.Icouldfeelthecoldwindblowingonmyface.Atthismomentshenoticedtheteachercomingin.一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有:5、过去分词:HewatchedtheTVsetcarriedoutoftheroom.Lastyeartheyhadtheirhouserebuilt.WhenyouspeakEnglish,besuretomakeyourselfunderstood.4、动词不定式:Nobodycouldmakehimchangehismind.Wouldyoulikemetocomealongwithyou?Hebelievedtheearthtobeaglobe.一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有:6.此外,副词和介词短语也可以充当宾语补足语,如:Whendoyouwantitback?Whydidn’tyouinvitethemin?Wecouldhearthechildrenatplayoutside.二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系:1、当名词、形容词、副词和介词短语充当宾语补足语时,它们和宾语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系,若无宾语补足语,则句意不完整。宾语补足语说明宾语的情况、性质、特征、状态、身份或属类等。试比较:Wemadehimourmonitor.(Heisourmonitor.)Youshouldkeepyourroomcleanandtidy.(Yourroomiscleanandtidy.)Wecouldhearthechildrensingingintheclassroom.(Thechildrenaresingingintheclassroom.)二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系:3、当过去分词充当宾语补足语时,它与宾语之间有着动宾关系,即:宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者,如:IonceheardthissongsunginJapanese.(ThissongwasoncesunginJapanese.)Ididn’twantthechildrentakenoutinsuchweather.(Thechildrenweretakenoutinsuchweather.)三、在用现在分词或不定式作宾语补足语的动词中,有些只能用现在分词作宾语补足语;有些只能用不定式作宾语补足语;还有的动词既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语:1、只能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有:catch,keep,mind,prevent,stop,smell,excuse等。例如:Shecaughthersonsmokingacigarette.Hiswordsstartedmethinking.2、只能用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:wish,desire,expect,love,prefer,trust,encourage,let,allow,permit,mean,lead,bring,put,hurry,cause,remind,ask,invite,beg,request,worry,advise,persuade,callon,tell,order,command,require,make,force,drive,forbid,warn,help,teach,show,assist,report,bear,waitfor//think,take,know,judge,consider,suppose,believe,allow,prove,declare等。3、既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:see,watch,notice,lookat,observe,listento,hear,feel,have,imagine,discover,like,want,understand,hate,get,set,leave等。四、使用不定式作宾语补足语时,不定式符号to的取舍问题:1、在hear,listento,let,have,make,see,watch,notice,observe等动词后的不定式需省去to。Ihavemystudentscomeearly.Weoftenhearhimsingthesongathome(=Heisoftenheardtosingthesongathome.)Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenhergrowupfromchildhood.(=Theyknewherverywell.Shewasseentogrowupfromchildhood.)2、help一词后的不定式,可带to,也可以不带to。Wouldyouliketohelpme(to)carrytheluggage五、在复合宾语中,宾语通常为名词或代词,但有时也可以用不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或that从句来充当。这时,应使用先行it代替宾语,而将真正的宾语移到句子的后部,如:Ifeltitnecessarytospeakaboutourshortcomings.Doyouconsideritanygoodtryingagain?Weallthoughtitapitythatyoucouldn’tjoinus.注意:在这种结构中,宾语补足语通常为名词或形容词;常用于这种结构的动词有:feel,find,think,make,take,judge,consider等。with复合结构的七种形式with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。With复合结构指的是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,它是一个十分有用的结构,不仅教材中经常出现,考试中经常考到,而且它也是同学们写作时使句子变得“高级”的一个重要手段构成:它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成,复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语,复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当,第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当,分词可以是现在分词,也可以是过去分词。它的作用;用作状语,表示原因,时间,伴随,条件等•形式一with+宾语+形容词•Heoftensleepswiththewindowsopen.他常开着窗睡觉。•Don’tspeakwithyourmouthfull.不要满嘴巴食物说话。•形式二with+宾语+副词•Hestoodbeforehisteacherwithhisheaddown.他低着头站在老师面前。•Hewaslyingonthebedwithallhisclotheson.他和衣躺在床上。•形式三with+宾语+名词•Hediedwithhisdaughteryetaschoolgirl.他去世时,女儿还是个小学生。•形式四with+宾语+介词短语•Shesaidgood-byewithtearsinhereyes.她含着眼泪说了声再见。•Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarms.他头枕着胳膊睡着了。•形式五with+宾语+现在分词(短语)•Hefellasleepwiththelampburning.他没熄灯就睡着了。•Iwon’tbeabletogoonholidaywithmymotherbeingill.因为妈妈有病,我无法去度假。•形式六with+宾语+过去分词(短语)•Hesattherewithhiseyesclosed.他闭目坐在那儿。•Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked.整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。•形式七with+宾语+不定式(短语)•Ican’tgooutwithalltheseclothestowash.要洗这些衣服,我无法出去了。•Withsomanypeopletohelpus,wearesuretofinishitintime.有这么多人帮忙,我们一定能按时完成。with复合结构的作用with复合结构在句子中作状语,表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等1)Wesatonthedrygrasswithourbackstothewall.(作伴随状语)2)Shecouldnotleavewithherpainfuldutyunfulfilled.(作原因状语)3)Helayinbedwithhisheadcovered.(作方式状语)4)Jacksoonfellasleepwiththelightstillburning.(作伴随状语)5)Iwon'tbeabletogoonholidaywithmymotherbeingill.(作原因状语)6)Hesatwithhisarmsclaspedaroundhisknees.(作方式状语)注:with复合结构在句子中还可以作定语,阅读下面的句子。1)TherewasaletterforLannywithaSwissstamponit.(作定语修饰letter)2)Itwasavaststretchofcountrywithcitiesinthedistance.(作定语修饰astretchofcountry)Practice单句改错1.Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn’tmakehimselfunderstand.2.WeallelectedJasonthemonitor.3.Theteacheraskedusnotmakesom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