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沈阳理工大学学士学位论文I摘要在钢铁生产过程中，为保证钢材的表面质量和活性，对钢材表面进行酸洗是一道必不可少的工序。目前我国大多数钢厂采用盐酸进行酸洗。因而，盐酸酸洗废液不可避免地成为了一项环境和资源问题。在建设资源节约型，环境友好型社会的大方针下，盐酸酸洗废液资源化利用势在必行。本文针对含铁废盐酸资源化利用，通过对国内外现有的工艺进行分析比较，设计了一套适合中小型钢铁企业的酸洗废液资源化工艺流程：蒸发结晶法。此方法盐酸回收率高，过程简单，运行成本低。全文对设计方案，设计原理，反应设备原理，运行操作事项等做了详细的阐述。通过计算确定主要设备技术参数，进行设备选型，并对车间布置，高程布置进行详细设计，绘制了主反应设备图，流程图，平面布置图等。关键词：酸洗废水；蒸发结晶法；资源化沈阳理工大学学士学位论文IIAbstractInthesteelindustry,Itisanessentialproceduretopickleonthesurfaceofthesteelinordertoensurethequalityandactivityofsteelsurface.Currentlythemajorityofoursteelenterpriseusehydrochloricpicklingtechnology.Thus,spenthydrochloricpicklingsolutionsinevitablybecomeanenvironmentalandresourceissues.Inbuildingaresource-savingandenvironment-friendlysocietybroadapproach,resourceutilizationofspenthydrochloricpicklingsolutionsisimperative.Toaimatresourceutilizationofferrousspenthydrochloricsolution,thispaperdevisedarecyclingprocessforsmallandmediumsteelenterprisebyanalyzingandcomparingcurrenttechnologiesathomeandabroad─evaporationcrystallization,whichisanefficient,simple,lowrunningcostmethod.Thetextdescribedthedesignplan,designprinciples,reactorprinciplesandoperationmattersindetail.Determinedthemainequipmenttechnicalparameters,equipmentselection,elevationlayoutandgraphiclayout.Drawingthemainreactordevicediagrams,flowchartsandfloorplansKeywords:Spentpicklingsolution;Evaporationcrystallization;Resourceutilization沈阳理工大学学士学位论文III目录第一章绪论..............................................................................................................................11.1含铁废盐酸资源化处理工艺研究背景及意义..........................................................11.1.1研究背景...........................................................................................................11.1.2研究意义...........................................................................................................11.2国内外研究现状..........................................................................................................21.3本课题研究内容及拟定设计方法原理简介..............................................................81.3.1研究内容...........................................................................................................81.3.2拟定设计方法原理...........................................................................................8第二章设计概述....................................................................................................................102.1设计任务....................................................................................................................102.2设计内容....................................................................................................................102.3设计原则....................................................................................................................102.4设计工艺流程及说明................................................................................................11第三章主要设备计算及选型................................................................................................133.1降膜蒸发器................................................................................................................133.1.1降膜蒸发原理.................................................................................................133.1.2物料衡算.........................................................................................................13沈阳理工大学学士学位论文IV3.1.3热量衡算.........................................................................................................143.1.4传热面计算.....................................................................................................163.1.5降膜蒸发器材质及加热方式确定.................................................................173.1.6降膜蒸发器型号确定.....................................................................................183.2冷凝器........................................................................................................................183.2.1冷凝器工作原理.............................................................................................183.2.2蒸汽冷凝热量计算.........................................................................................193.2.3冷凝器传热平均温差计算.............................................................................193.2.4总传热系数选定.............................................................................................203.2.5冷凝器传热面积计算.....................................................................................203.2.6冷凝器型号选定.............................................................................................203.3石墨降膜吸收器........................................................................................................213.3.1石墨降膜吸收器工作原理.............................................................................213.3.2计算依据.........................................................................................................213.3.3浓酸石墨降膜吸收器设计计算.....................................................................223.3.4稀酸石墨降膜吸收器设计计算.............................................................