国际商务函电Unit 8 Payment

Unit8TermsofPayment支付方式BusinessLettersObjectivesToknowaboutpaymenttermsTolearnthephrasesandexpressionsaboutpaymentTolearnhowtowriteabusinessletteraboutpaymentBusinessLettersPaymentisoneofthemostimportantstepsininternationaltrade.Themethodofpaymentforeachtransactionistobeagreeduponbetweenthetwotradingpartiesatthetimeofplacinganorder.Threemethodsingeneral:•Remittance汇付•Collection托收•L/C(letterofcredit)信用证I.IntroductionBusinessLetters1、creditinstruments信用工具2、modesofpayment支付方式3、documents单据InternationalSettlement国际结算BusinessLettersInternationalsettlementNotes(票据)BillofExchange/draft汇票PromissoryNotes本票Check支票1.CreditInstruments信用工具Note/billisanunconditionalorderinwritingrequiringthepayertopayasumofmoneytothebearerortotheorderofathirdpersonatafixedtime.BusinessLettersInternationalsettlementNotes•BillofExchange（汇票）:isanunconditionalorderinwritingpreparedbyoneparty(drawer)andaddressedtoanother(drawee)directingthedraweetopayaspecifiedsumofmoneytotheorderofathirdperson(payee),ortothebearer,ondemandoratafixedanddeterminablefuturetime.•PromissoryNote（本票）:isanunconditionalorderinwritingmadebyoneparty(issuer)topayasumofmoneytotheother(payee),eitheratafixedordeterminablefuturetimeorondemandofthepayee,underspecificterms.•Check（支票）:isdefinedasanunconditionalorderinwritingdrawnonabank(drawee)signedbythedrawer,requiringabanktopayondemandacertainsumofmoneytotheorderofanamedpersonortothebearer.BusinessLetters•SamplefordraftBusinessLetters2.ModesofPayment支付方式Remittance汇付MailTransfer(M/T)信汇TelegraphicTransfer(T/T)电汇DemandDraft(D/D)票汇DocumentaryCollection跟单托收D/P付款交单D/Patsight即期付款交单D/Paftersight远期付款交单D/A承兑交单L/C信用证BusinessLetters•Remittancemeansthetransferofmoneyfromthebuyertothesellerthroughabankcontracted.•mailtransfer(M/T)信汇•telegraphictransfer(T/T)电汇•demanddraft(D/D)票汇•Generally,onlywhenthetransactionsarerathersmallandthefinanceinvolvedissmalltoocanremittancebeaccepted.•Paymentforsamplespostage,commissionsandsmallordersisusuallymadebyT/T.Remittance汇付BusinessLettersRemittance汇付•T/T（电汇）:isamethodoftransferringfundsbytelecommunicationsystemsuchastelexorcable.•Thoughitisdoneatafastspeed,thecostisrelativelyhigh.ButSWIFT(环球同业银行金融电信学会)membersareabletotransferfundsatamuchlowercost.•D/D（票汇）:thetransfercanbemadebyacheckthatissoldtoitscustomer.Abankinstructsanotherbranch/banktopayupondemandacertainamounttothepayeespecifiedonthecheck.Thischeckiscalledabanker’sdemanddraft.•M/T(信汇)：meanstotransfermoneybymail.SocietyforWorldwideInterbankFinancialTelecommunication汇款人向当地银行交付本国货币，由银行开具付款委托书（paymentorder），用航空邮寄交国外银行办理付出外汇业务。BusinessLettersCopyright2009byLaoPing,FromLingnanCollege,SunYat-senUniversityRelevantpartiesinremittance•汇款人（Remitter）•受款人（PayeeorBeneficiary）•汇出行（RemittingBank）•汇入行（PayingBank）,又称解付行BusinessLettersCopyright2009byLaoPing,FromLingnanCollege,SunYat-senUniversityT/T,M/TflowchartBusinessLettersCopyright2009byLaoPing,FromLingnanCollege,SunYat-senUniversitySWIFT简介•SWIFT是“SocietyWorldwideInterbankFinancialTelecommunication”环球同业银行金融电讯协会”的英文简称。是国际银行同业间非营利性的国际合作组织，成立于一九七三年，总部设在比利时的布鲁塞尔。BusinessLettersCopyright2009byLaoPing,FromLingnanCollege,SunYat-senUniversitySWIFT的特点•1.SWIFT需要会员资格。我国的大多数专业银行都是其成员。•2.SWIFT的费用较低。同样多的内容，SWIFT的费用只有TELEX（电传）的18%左右，只有CABLE（电报）的2.5%左右。•3.SWIFT的安全性较高。SWIFT的密押比电传的密押可靠性强、保密性高，且具有较高的自动化。•4.SWIFT的格式具有标准化。对于SWIFT电文，SWIFT组织有着统一的要求和格式。BusinessLetters•Collection(托收)meansthattheexporterdrawsadraftaftershipmentandtheninstructsthebanktocollecttheamountofmoneyfromtheimporter.Itincludes:•DocumentsagainstPayment(D/P)付款交单D/Patsight即期付款交单•D/Paftersight远期付款交单•DocumentsagainstAcceptance(D/A)承兑交单Collection托收BusinessLettersRelevantpartiesinvolved•委托人（Principal）•托收行（RemittingBank）•代收行（CollectingBank）•提示行（PresentingBank）•付款人（Payer）BusinessLettersPrincipal委托人Remittingbank托收行Collectingbank代收行Payer付款人13765428BusinessLettersCollection托收•D/P（付款交单）:meansthatthecollectingbankwillnottransfertheshippingdocumentstotheimporteruntilhehaspaidtheamountofmoneyinquestion.•D/Patsight（即期付款交单）：requiresimmediatepaymentbytheimportertogetholdofdocuments.•D/Paftersight（远期付款交单）:theimporterisgivenacertainperiodtomakepaymentat30,45or60daysafterpresentationofthedocuments,butheisnotallowedtogetholdofthedocumentsuntilhepay.•D/A（承兑交单）：meansthatthecollectingbankwilltransfertheshippingdocumentstotheimporterafterheacceptsthedraft.BusinessLetters案例某出口商（A公司）与中东地区进口商（B公司）签定了一批合同，向其出售纯棉T恤衫，付款条件为D/P45days。从96年12月至97年2月，A公司相继委托某托收行办理托收业务27笔，指明通过S银行代收货款，付款人为B公司，金额共计1556702.67美元。托收行均按托收申请书中指示办理。在托收委托书中列明deliverydocumentsagainstpaymentat45daysaftersight,委托书中印有就subjecttoICC522词句。S银行收到后，陆续以承兑交单（D/A45days）的方式将大量单据放给了进口商。该20多张承兑汇票早已逾期，但承兑人一直未曾付款，使A公司蒙受了重大损失。托收行向S银行质疑，要其承担擅自放单责任，但S银行以当地习惯抗辩，称当地认为D/P远期与D/A性质相同，推脱责任，拒绝承担义务。BusinessLetters分析•D/P远期与D/A是否为同一性质•出口商应加强对进口商的信用风险控制意识BusinessLetters代收行未完全执行托收行指示的责任问题•在一笔托收业务中，托收行在托收指示中规定：“DOCSTOBERELEASEDONLYAGAINSTACCEPTANCE“以及“PAYMENTONDUEDATETOBEGUARANTEEDBYXXXBANK（代收行）。TESTEDTLXTOTHISEFFECTREQUIRED.”代收行办理承兑交单后，向托收行寄出承兑通知书，明确指出“THEBILLACCEPTEDBYDRAWEE”，到期日为1994年9月13日。不久，当托收行查询有关承兑情况时，代收行复电再次告知“DOCSHAVEBEENACCEPTEDBYDRAWEETOMATU