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第1页共24页阅读七选五行文结构分类练(一)——总分总类A(2019·绍兴模拟)Whathappenswhenyouwanttogofromoneplacetoanother,butthere'swaterintheway?That'stheproblempeoplefacedforhundredsofyearsintheareathatisnowNewYorkCity.Inthecity,thereisanaturalcanal(运河)calledtheNarrows,separatingBrooklynononesidefromStatenIslandontheother.ButtheNarrowsisn'treallysonarrow.Thewaterisalmostamilewide,andit'smorethan100feetdeep.__1__Whentheywantedtotalktoeachother,theyclimbedintotheirboatsandsailedacross.Bythelate1800s,circumstanceshadchangeddramatically.PopulationgrowthmeanttherewerenowmanypeopleneedingtotravelbetweenStatenIslandandBrooklynforwork.__2__Between1888and1920thereweretwomajoreffortstobuildatraintunneltoconnecttheareas.__3__Proposalstobuildaconnectingbridgemadeduringthe1910salsoendedinfailureduetooppositionfromtheUSNavy.Finally,afterWorldWarⅡ，thereweresomanypeoplelivinginNewYorkCitythatleadersdecidedBrooklynandStatenIslandneededadirectconnection.Sincetunnelsweretooexpensive,theydecidedtobuildabridge.Thedesignselectedhadtwoseparateroadwaysstacked(叠放)ontopofeachother.__4__Construction,whichtookfiveyears,wascompletedin1964andcostD|S320million.Todayabout190,000carsandtruckscrossthebridgeeveryday.__5__ButinthecaseoftheNarrows,figuringoutagoodsolutiontookhundredsofyears.A．Sometimesgettingfromoneplacetoanotherisveryeasy.B．Bothwerequicklyabandonedhoweverduetothehighcostsinvolved.C．Neitherroadwaslargeenoughtosatisfytheexistingtransportdemands.D．Itwasanticipatedthatthenewtrainsystemwouldhelptheareasgrowevenfaster.E．Takingaboateverytimewasveryslow,expensiveand,inbadweather,unreliable.F．Bothwouldhangintheairfromthicksteelcables,supportedbytwogiantsteeltowers.G．Foralongtimethatwasn'taproblem,becauseonlyafewpeoplelivedinBrooklynandStatenIsland.语篇解读：本文主要讲了纽约市TheNarrows两岸的交通问题的解决。1．选G根据空前一句“Thewaterisalmostamilewide,andit'smorethan100feetdeep.”和空后一句“Whentheywantedto...andsailedacross.”可推知，G项“很长时间以来那不是一个问题，因为只有少数人住在Brooklyn和StatenIsland”符合语境，所以选G项。第2页共24页2．选E空前一句是说人口增长意味着有许多人为了工作奔波于两地之间，根据空处下一段可知，人们想要建造一个火车隧道来连接两地；由此可推知，空处应是说乘船往返于两地的缺点，所以选E项。3．选B根据空前一句中的“twomajorefforts”和空后一句“Proposalstobuildaconnectingbridgemadeduringthe1910salsoendedinfailureduetooppositionfromtheUSNavy.”可知，空处应该是讲两次努力都没有成功，故选B项。4．选F根据空前一句中的“twoseparateroadwaysstacked(叠放)ontopofeachother”可知，F项中的“Both”与之呼应，且F项的句意与语境相符，故选F项。5．选A根据空后的转折句“ButinthecaseoftheNarrows,figuringoutagoodsolutiontookhundredsofyears.”可知，空处的句子应与此句形成逻辑上的转折关系，所以A项“有时从一个地方到另一个地方是很容易的”符合语境。B(2019·济宁模拟)Collegelifeiscolorful.__1__Howevercollegestudentshaveaburdenofstudying.Howdotheymanagetocompleteahugenumberofassignmentsandstillfindthetimetohavefun?Herearesomeeffectivetimemanagementtipsthatcanbeusedoutsideofcollege.__2__Let'ssay,yourfriendissickandmissesaveryimportantclass.Youcanhelphimbytellingsomethingyou'velearnedthereandlendinghimyournotes.Nexttimeyouhavenotimetoreadabookyouneedtoreadandthisveryfriendcanretellittoyouhighlightingthekeypoints.Usetechnologies.Manymodernstudentscanbackupthefactthattechnologiesmakestudyingeasierandfaster.Youdon'talwayshavetowastetimetogotoalibrarywhenyoucanfindeverythingonline.Youcansavetimeoncalculatingthingsandsolvingdifferentproblems.__3__Usingtechnologiesforworkisalsoamustifyouwanttoimproveyourproductivity.Giveyourselfatreat.__4__Forexample,ifyouhaveataskforanhour,promiseyourselftohavecoffeeandbiscuitsifyoumanagetodothatintime.__5__Allinall,collegetimeisaveryspecialperiodwhenyoulearnalotofthingsincludingtimemanagementtechniques.Ifyoutakethemseriously,youcanusetheminyourfutureandmakeyourworkandlifemoreproductiveandorganized.A．Helpeachother.B．Helptotakenotes.C．Therearemanyfunthingstodo.D．Youcanseemanycolorfulthings.E．Therearenowmanyappsforthat.F．Itisanicemotivationtobeproductive.第3页共24页G．Youcangiveyourselfsomesmalltreatsforfinishingsmalltasks.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大学生有效管理时间的技巧。1．选C根据空前一句“Collegelifeiscolorful.”可知，大学生活是丰富多彩的，并由与下文中的“Howdotheymanagetocompleteahugenumberofassignmentsandstillfindthetimetohavefun？”呼应可知，C项“有很多有趣的事情可以做”符合语境。2．选A根据文章结构和空处所在位置可知，空处为主题句，通读该段可知，本段主要讲的是大学里朋友间互相帮助的行为，故A项“互相帮助”符合语境。3．选E根据本段主题句“Usetechnologies.”，并结合该段中的“Youdon'talwayshavetowastetimetogotoalibrarywhenyoucanfindeverythingonline.”可推知，利用网络科技可以解决不同的学习问题，与选项E呼应，故选E项。4．选G由与本段主题句“Giveyourselfatreat.”呼应可推知，选项G符合语境。5．选F空处承接上文“Forexample,ifyouhaveataskforanhour,promiseyourselftohavecoffeeandbiscuitsifyoumanagetodothatintime.”，表示犒劳自己是使工作高效的好动机，故选F项。C(2019·聊城模拟)Somepeopleputtheirbicyclesawayoncetheylearnhowtodriveacar.Formanypeople,bicyclingisnotjustaneasywayofgettingaroundtownbutalsoanexcitingsport.__1__.Onekindofraceisthetimetrial.Eachracerleavesthestartinglineatadifferenttimeandheadshardforthefinishline.Thecyclistwhocoversthedistanceintheshortestamountoftimewinstherace.__2__，becausethebicyclesarespreadoutandarenotlikelytorunintoeachother.Anotherkindofraceismoredifficult.Afewcityblocksareclosedtotraffic.Thenalltheracerslineupinatightpackandbeginracingatthesametime.__3__.Theracerequiresmorethanspeed.Italsorequiresskilfulhandlingofthebicycleasitrunsatfullspeedaroundotherbicycles.Theracerwhocompletesallthelapsfirstisthewinner.__