28英语基本句型-五大句型讲解

（简单句）英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋谓）基本句型二：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋系＋表）基本句型三：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）基本句型四：Ｓ+Ｖ+IO+DO（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）基本句型五：Ｓ+Ｖ+O+OC（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）基本句型一Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋谓）此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词（Vi），后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。ＳＶi（不及物动词）1.Time2.Themoon3.Theman4.Weall5.Everybody6.I7.They8.He9.He10.Theyflies.rose.cooked.eat,anddrink.laughed?woke.talked(forhalfanhour).walked(yesterday)isplayinghavegone基本句型二Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋系＋表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。系动词：ＳLinking-V系动词）Ｐ(表语)1.This2.Thedinner3.He4.Everything5.He6.Thebook7.Theweather8.HisfaceissmellsfelllooksisisbecameturnedanEnglishdictionary.good.happy.different.tallandstrong.interesting.warmer.red.基本句型三Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词（Vt）。ＳＶt（实义动词）Ｏ(宾语)1.Who2.She3.He8.He5.They6.Danny7.I4.Heknowslaughatunderstandsmadeatelikeswantsaidtheanswer?her.English.cakes.someapples.Swimming.tohaveacupoftea.Goodmorning.基本句型四Ｓ+Ｖ+IO+DO（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。可接双宾语的常见动词有：ask,answer,give,offer,send,bring,pass,tell,show,teach,buy,promiseＳＶ（及物）IO（多指人）DO（多指物）1.She2.She3.He4.He5.I6.I7.I8.Hepassedcookedbroughtboughtshowedgavetoldshowedhimherhusbandyouherhimhimmeanewdress.adeliciousmeal.adictionary.nothing.mypictures.ahand.howtorunthemachine.thatthebuswaslate.基本句型五Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。ＳＶ（及物）Ｏ（宾语）Ｃ（宾补）1.We2.They3.They4.They5.What6.We7.He8.Ikeeppaintedcallfoundmakessawaskedsawthetablethedoorsupperthehousehimhimmethemclean.green.dinner.dirty.sad?out.tocomebacksoon.gettingonthebus.1.接名词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有call,name,think,make等。Wecallthemmooncakes.2.接形容词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有make,keep,think,find等。AtfirstIfoundChinesehard.3.动词不定式作宾语补足语:1)接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的有tell,want,ask,wish,teach等。Tellhimtocomeherethedayaftertomorrow.2)接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的有hear,see,watch,let,make,find等Hemadeuslaugh.（二）1.Theyworkhard.2.Theflowerisdead.3.Plantsneedwater.4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，应掌握动词的类型。以get为例：He'sgettingangry.Hegotthroughthewindow.You'llgetasurprise.Hegothisshoesandsockswet.Hegothimselfintotrouble.Hegotherasplendidpresent.。分析下列句子基本结构1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou.3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity.7.Iloveyoumorethanherchild.8.Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.9.Theypushedthedooropen.10.Grammatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.11.Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends.12.Allthestudentsthinkhighlyofhisteaching.13.Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.14.HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong.15.Atlasthegothome,tiredandhungry.1.Theyworkhard.主+谓2.Theflowerisdead.主+系+表3.Plantsneedwater.主+谓+宾4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.主+谓+直宾+间宾5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.主+谓+宾+宾补6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.主+谓不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，应掌握动词的类型。以get为例：He'sgettingangry.(SVP)Hegotthroughthewindow.(SVO)You'llgetasurprise.(SVO)Hegothisshoesandsockswet.(SVOC)Hegothimselfintotrouble.(SVOC)Hegotherasplendidpresent.(SVIODO)。在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思:Ifoundthebookeasily.(SVOM)我很容易地找到了这本书。Ifoundthebookeasy.(SVOC)我觉得这本书很容易。