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《计算机英语（第3版）》练习参考答案UnitOne:ComputerandComputerScienceUnitOne/SectionAI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.CharlesBabbage;AugustaAdaByron2.input;output3.VLSI4.workstations;mainframes5.vacuum;transistors6.instructions;software7.digit;eight;byte8.microminiaturization;chipII.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:1.artificialintelligence人工智能2.paper-tapereader纸带阅读器3.opticalcomputer光计算机4.neuralnetwork神经网络5.instructionset指令集6.parallelprocessing并行处理7.differenceengine差分机8.versatilelogicalelement通用逻辑元件9.siliconsubstrate硅衬底10.vacuumtube真空管11.数据的存储与处理thestorageandhandlingofdata12.超大规模集成电路verylarge-scaleintegratedcircuit13.中央处理器centralprocessingunit14.个人计算机personalcomputer15.模拟计算机analoguecomputer16.数字计算机digitalcomputer17.通用计算机general-purposecomputer18.处理器芯片processorchip19.操作指令operatinginstructions20.输入设备inputdeviceIII.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:Wecandefineacomputerasadevicethatacceptsinput,processesdata,storesdata,andproducesoutput.Accordingtothemodeofprocessing,computersareeitheranalogordigital.Theycanalsobeclassifiedasmainframes,minicomputers,workstations,ormicrocomputers.Allelse(forexample,theageofthemachine)beingequal,thiscategorizationprovidessomeindicationofthecomputer’sspeed,size,cost,andabilities.Eversincetheadventofcomputers,therehavebeenconstantchanges.First-generationcomputersofhistoricsignificance,suchasUNIVAC(通用自动计算机),introducedintheearly1950s,werebasedonvacuumtubes.Second-generationcomputers,appearingintheearly1960s,werethoseinwhichtransistorsreplacedvacuumtubes.Inthird-generationcomputers,datingfromthe1960s,integratedcircuitsreplacedtransistors.Infourth-generationcomputerssuchasmicrocomputers,whichfirstappearedinthemid-1970s,large-scaleintegrationenabledthousandsofcircuitstobeincorporatedononechip.Fifth-generationcomputersareexpectedtocombinevery-large-scaleintegrationwithsophisticatedapproachestocomputing,includingartificialintelligenceandtruedistributedprocessing.IV.TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese:计算机将变得更加先进，也将变得更加容易使用。语音识别的改进将使计算机的操作更加容易。虚拟现实，即使用所有人类官能与计算机进行交互的技术，也将有助于创建更好的人机接口。人们正在开发其他的奇异计算模型，包括使用生物机体的生物计算、使用具有特定属性的分子的分子计算，以及使用遗传基本单位DNA（脱氧核糖核酸）存储数据和执行操作的计算。这些都是可能的未来计算平台的例子，而它们迄今还能力有限或完全属于理论范畴。科学家们研究它们，是因为嵌入硅中的电路的微小型化受到物理限制。还有一些限制与甚至最微小的晶体管也会产生的热量有关。UnitOne/SectionBI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.experimentation2.interfacing3.interdisciplinary4.microprocessorII.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:1.artificialneuralnetwork人工神经网络2.computerarchitecture计算机体系结构3.robustcomputerprogram健壮的计算机程序4.human-computerinterface人机接口5.knowledgerepresentation知识表示6.数值分析numericalanalysis7.程序设计环境programmingenvironment8.数据结构datastructure9.存储和检索信息storeandretrieveinformation10.虚拟现实virtualrealityUnitOne/SectionCI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.format2.synchronization3.virtual4.multimedia;third-partyII.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:1.datafield数据字段，数据域2.learningcurve学习曲线3.third-partysolution第三方解决方案4.WindowsMediaPlayerWindows媒体播放器5.开始按钮Startbutton6.指定输入区designatedinputarea7.手写体识别系统handwriting-recognitionsystem8.字符集charactersetUnitTwo:ComputerArchitectureUnitTwo/SectionAI．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.input;output;storage2.BasicInput/OutputSystem3.flatbedscanners;hand-heldscanners4.LCD-based5.dot-matrixprinters;inkjetprinters6.diskdrives;memory7.volatile8.serial;parallelII.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:1.functionkey功能键，操作键2.voicerecognitionmodule语音识别模块3.touch-sensitiveregion触敏区4.addressbus地址总线5.flatbedscanner平板扫描仪6.dot-matrixprinter点阵打印机（针式打印机）7.parallelconnection并行连接8.cathoderaytube阴极射线管9.videogame电子游戏10.audiosignal音频信号11.操作系统operatingsystem12.液晶显示（器）LCD(liquidcrystaldisplay)13.喷墨打印机inkjetprinter14.数据总线databus15.串行连接serialconnection16.易失性存储器volatilememory17.激光打印机laserprinter18.磁盘驱动器diskdrive19.基本输入/输出系统BIOS(BasicInput/OutputSystem)20.视频显示器videodisplayIII.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:CD-ROMstandsforcompactdiscread-onlymemory.Unlikefloppyandharddisks,whichusemagneticchargestorepresent1sand0s,opticaldiscsusereflectedlight.OnaCD-ROMdisc,1sand0sarerepresentedbyflatareasandbumpy(高低不平的)areas(called“pits”)onitsbottomsurface.TheCD-ROMdiscisreadbyalaserthatprojectsatinybeamoflightontheseareas.Theamountofreflectedlightdetermineswhetherthearearepresentsa1ora0.LikeacommercialCDfoundinmusicstores,aCD-ROMisa“read-only”disc.Read-onlymeansitcannotbewrittenonorerasedbytheuser.Thus,youasauserhaveaccessonlytothedataimprinted(压印)bythepublisher.AsingleCD-ROMdisccanstore650megabytes(兆字节)ofdata.Thatisequivalentto451floppydisks.Withthatmuchinformationonasingledisc,thetimetoretrieveoraccesstheinformationisveryimportant.AnimportantcharacteristicofCD-ROMdrivesistheiraccessrate.IV.TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese:调制解调器是在模拟和数字信号之间进行转换的设备。计算机使用的是数字信号，这种信号由离散单元组成，通常用一系列1和0表示。模拟信号是连续变化的；声波就是模拟信号的一个