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SectionⅣGrammar单元语法项目(一)——状语从句(Ⅰ)语法图解探究发现①I'llgoandgetthemnow,beforeIgotothedentist.②TherewasnotanemptyseatanywhereintheconcerthallatlastThursday'sevent,althoughitwasanextremelycoldnight.③Althoughtheconcerthallwascoldandthesoundsystemcausedafewproblems,theaudiencecouldstillenjoytheconcert.④WhileIwatchedandlistened,IknewthatIwasseeingtheperformanceofarealsuperstar.⑤ItwasMorissette'sfirstperformanceinEnglandsincehersong“Uninvited”wonthisyear'sGrammyAwardforthebestrocksong.⑥Wewereworkinginthechemistrylabwhenthelightswentout.⑦Insomeplaceswomenareexpectedtoearnmoneywhilemenworkathomeandraisetheirchildren.[我的发现](1)①句中的before和④句中while以及⑤句中since引导的从句均为从句。(2)②句中although引导的从句和③句中although引导的从句均为从句。(3)⑥句中的when和⑦句中while均用作。时间状语让步状语并列连词一、状语从句概述状语从句在句子中起状语作用。有的状语从句可以在主句前(其后常用逗号与主句隔开)，有的状语从句可以放在主句后(其前可不用逗号隔开)，有的既可以在主句前又可以在主句后。状语从句通常由一个连词或由一个起连词作用的词组引导。状语从句可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步或比较等意义。二、时间状语从句1．when,whenever,as,while,after,until/till,since常用以引导时间状语从句。HewasworkingatthetablewhenIarrived.当我到达的时候，他正在桌旁工作。Wheneveryoumeetwithtrouble,don'thesitatetoturntome.无论你什么时候遇到困难，都别犹豫向我寻求帮助。Asyougrowolder,you'llknowbetterandbetteraboutyourself.随着年龄的增长，你会越来越了解你自己。Don'ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.其他人工作时，请勿大声说话。Asisreported,itismorethan100yearssinceQinghuaUniversitywasfounded.据报道，自清华大学建立以来已有一百多年了。[名师点津]when也可以作并列连词，常用在下列结构中：bedoingsth.when...“正确做某事，这时……”；beabouttodosth.when...“正要做某事，这时……”；hadjustdonesth.when...“刚刚做了某事，这时……”。IwaswatchingtheCCTVnewswhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.我正在看中央新闻联播，这时有人敲门。2．before“在……之前”引导时间状语从句时有时可根据情况译作“……才……”或“还未来得及”。before常用于以下句型：(1)Itwillbe＋一段时间＋before...(从句用一般现在时)要过……时间才……(2)Itwon'tbe＋一段时间＋before...(从句用一般现在时)过不了……时间就……(3)Itwasnotlongbefore...(从句用一般过去时)没过多久就……(4)Itwas＋时间段＋before...(从句用一般过去时)过了……时间才……Theyoungcouple,whoreturnedmylostwallet,leftbeforeIcouldaskfortheirnames.这对年轻夫妇送还了我丢失的钱包，我还没来得及问他们的名字，他们就离开了。Itwaslongbeforehecametohelpme.过了很久他才来帮我。Itwon'tbelongbeforeheleavesthecountry.过不了多久他就离开了这个国家。3．表示“一……就……”的词语引导的时间状语从句。(1)副词instantly,immediately,directly表示“一……就……”，用作连词，引导时间状语从句。Theyoungladyrushedintotheroomimmediatelysheheardthenoise.那位年轻女士一听到响声就冲进了房间。IrecognisedherinstantlyIsawher.我一看见她就认出她来了。(2)assoonas,nosooner...than...,hardly/scarcely...when...意为“一……就……”。Hardlyhadhearrivedwhenitbegantorain.他刚到，天就开始下雨了。Nosoonerhadshegonetosleepthanthetelephonerangoncemore.她刚睡着，电话就又响了。AssoonasIfinishthehomework,I'llgotoseeyou.我一完成家庭作业，就去看你。[名师点津]nosooner...than...,hardly/scarcely...when...中主句谓语动词应用过去完成时，从句谓语动词应用一般过去时。当nosooner...和hardly/scarcely...位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。Shewasscarcelyoutofsightwhentheycame.→Scarcelywassheoutofsightwhentheycame.(倒装形式)她刚一走远他们就来了。4．一些表示时间的名词词组，如themoment,thesecondtime,theminute,each/everytime,thefirsttime,theyear等也用于引导时间状语从句，这时它们具有连词的功能。Eachtimehecame,hewouldbringusalotofflowers.他每次来，都给我们带很多花。ThefirsttimehewenttoShanghai,hepaidavisittohisformerteacher.第一次去上海，他就拜访了他以前的老师。ThemomentIsawhim,Ithoughtofhisfather.我一看见他，就想起了他的父亲。即时演练1(1)用适当的连词填空①Weneedtogettotherootoftheproblemwecansolveit.②Ithasbeenfiveyearshecamehere.③Ihavetogiveaspeech,IgetextremelynervousbeforeIstart.④(2017·北京高考改编)Ifyoudon'tunderstandsomething,youmayresearch,study,andtalktootherpeopleyoufigureitout.⑤thechildwasplayingwithhistoys,hisparentswerewatchingTV.beforesinceWheneveruntilWhile(2)句型转换①Hecaughtupwithmeassoonaswesloweddown.→Hecaughtupwithmewesloweddown.②Immediatelyhecamehome,Itoldhimaboutit.→hecamehome,Itoldhimaboutit.③Hehadnosoonerarrivedthanshestartedcomplaining.→hadhearrivedshestartedcomplaining.immediately/directly/instantlyThemoment/minute/instantNosoonerthan三、让步状语从句让步状语从句表示“虽然，尽管，即使”等概念，其起引导作用的连词词组有though,although,eventhough(if),while,as,(who,whom,what,which,when,where,how)＋ever合成词，nomatter＋(who...how),whether等。1．though,although,as,evenif,eventhough等用以引导让步状语从句。Mygrandfatherstillplaystennisnowandthen,eventhoughhe'sinhisnineties.我祖父尽管90多岁了，但仍时而打打网球。(2017·北京高考改编)Althoughbirdsusetheirfeathersforflight,someoftheirfeathersareforotherpurposes.尽管鸟类用羽毛飞行，但是它们的一些羽毛也有其他用途。Shecarriesonworkingeventhough/ifshehasabadcoldforseveraldays.尽管她患重感冒几天了，但她仍继续工作。[名师点津](1)as引导的让步状语从句使用倒装时如果将用作表语的单数可数名词提前，则应省去a(n)。Childasheis,hecanspeakthreeforeignlanguages.他虽然是一个小孩，却会说三门外语。(2)though和although不与but连用，但可与yet或still连用。Thoughitwasraininghard,yettheywentonplayingfootball.虽然雨下得很大，但他们仍然继续踢足球。2．nomatterwhat/who/where/how/when等用以引导让步状语从句，它们也可分别用whatever/whoever/wherever/however/whenever等。Nomatterwhoasksherforadvice,sheisalwaysreadytohelp.无论谁向她征求建议，她总会帮忙。Whatever/Nomatterwhatyoudo,trytodoitbetter.不管你做什么都尽力做到更好。[名师点津]引导让步状语从句时，“nomatter＋疑问词”和“疑问词＋ever”可以互换。但引导名词性从句时，只能用“疑问词＋ever”。It'sgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildwhateverhewants.小孩想要什么就给他什么，这种做法被普遍认为是不明智的。即时演练2(1)用适当的连词填空①(2016·浙江高考改编)onlineshoppinghaschangedourlife,notallofitseffectshavebeenpositive.②Tryshemight,Suecouldn'tgetthedooropen.③We'llmakeatriptheweatherisbad.While/Although/Thoughasevenif/though(2)句型转换①Though/Although/Whilehewasachild，heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.→,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.②Nomatterwhathappened,hewouldnotmind.→,hewouldnotmind.Childas/thoughhewasWhateverhappenedⅠ.单句语法填空1．I