对数的运算一般地,如果1,0aaa的b次幂等于N,就是Nab,那么数b叫做以a为底N的对数,记作bNaloga叫做对数的底数,N叫做真数。定义:复习上节内容有关性质:⑴负数与零没有对数(∵在指数式中N0)⑵,01loga1logaa复习上节内容⑶对数恒等式0)N1,a0(alog且NaNalogaab=b(a0,且a≠1)⑷常用对数:N10log简记作lgN。⑸自然对数:Nelog简记作lnN。(6)底数a的取值范围:),1()1,0(真数N的取值范围:),0(复习上节内容)()(),()(),(RnbaabRnmaaRnmaaannnmnnmnmnm新授内容:积、商、幂的对数运算法则:如果a0,a1,M0,N0有:)()()(3R)M(nnlogMlog2NlogMlogNMlog1NlogMlog(MN)loganaaaaaaa为了证明以上公式,请同学们回顾一下指数运算法则:证明:①设,logpMa,logqNa由对数的定义可以得:,paMqaN∴MN=paqaqpaqpMNalog即证得)(1NlogMlog(MN)logaaa而NMqpaaloglog)82(log)1(251log5log)2(333log2log)3(66做一做:121log6log)4(2121上述证明是运用转化的思想,先通过假设,将对数式化成指数式,并利用幂的运算性质进行恒等变形;然后再根据对数定义将指数式化成对数式。)()()(3R)M(nnlogMlog2NlogMlogNMlog1NlogMlog(MN)loganaaaaaaa①简易语言表达:“积的对数=对数的和”……②有时逆向运用公式③真数的取值范围必须是),0(④对公式容易错误记忆,要特别注意:,loglog)(logNMMNaaaNMNMaaaloglog)(log注:其他重要公式:NmnNanamloglogaNNccalogloglog)0),,1()1,0(,(Nca)0),,1()1,0((Naabbalog1log)),1()1,0(,(ba例1计算(1)(2))42(log75227log9讲解范例解:)42(log752522log724log522log1422log=5+14=19解:27log9333log23log23323讲解范例(3)8log7log3log732解:8log7log3log7322lg3lg2lg2lg32lg2lg3=33lg7lg7lg8lg例2讲解范例解(1)解(2)用,logxa,logyazalog表示下列各式:32log)2(;(1)logzyxzxyaazxyzxyaaalog)(loglog3121232log)(loglogzyxzyxaaazyxaaalogloglog31212logloglogzyxaaazyxaaalog31log21log2练习(1)(4)(3)(2)1.求下列各式的值:15log5log332lg5lg31log3log553log6log2236log2)25lg()313(log5155log32log2110lg11log50133log12.用lgx,lgy,lgz表示下列各式:练习(1)(4)(3)(2))lg(xyzzxy2lgzxy3lg=lgx+2lgy-lgz;zyx2lg=lgx+lgy+lgz;=lgx+3lgy-21lgz;zyxlglg2lg21小结:积、商、幂的对数运算法则:如果a0,a1,M0,N0有:)()()(3R)M(nnlogMlog2NlogMlogNMlog1NlogMlog(MN)loganaaaaaaa其他重要公式:NmnNanamloglogaNNccalogloglog)0),,1()1,0(,(Nca1loglogabba),1()1,0(,ba