35KV变电站防雷接地保护设计

135KV变电站防雷接地保护设计摘要雷电事故是对变电站、发电厂安全的主要威胁，如何有效、合理对变电站、发电厂采取防雷接地保护措施有着十分重要的意义。本文就以农村某35KV变电站为研究对象，以国家《防雷接地标准》为依据且结合变电站具体情况，对变电站的防雷接地进行保护设计，具有一定代表性。首先根据变电站的电气主接线图等实际情况，在了解雷电参数、雷电机理以及学习各种防雷装置的基础上，采用设计避雷针并计算验证其保护范围实现对变电站直击雷的防护；对变电站雷电侵入波的防护实现，则通过选择安装避雷器型号和设计变电站进线段的保护接线。最后在了解接地基本知识后，计算其接地电阻、最大土壤电阻率、垂直接地体根数等，实现对此35KV变电站的接地保护设计。关键词：35KV变电站；直击雷防护；雷电侵入波防护；接地保护35KVsubstationlightningprotectiondesignofgroundprotection2Abstract：Lightningincidentonthesubstation,powerplants,themainthreattosecurity,howtoeffectivelyandrationallytothesubstations,powerplants,lightningprotectiongroundingprotectionmeasurestakenisveryimportant.Thisarticleona35KVsubstationinruralareasforthestudytostateLightninggroundingstandardsbasedonspecificconditionsandcombinationofsubstation,thesubstationgroundingprotectionlightningprotectiondesign,hasacertainrepresentation.Firstofall,accordingtothemainelectricalsubstationwiringdiagramoftheactualsituation,etc.,intheunderstandingoflightningparameters,themechanismoflightning,aswellaslearningavarietyoflightningprotectiondevicesonthebasisofthecalculationusedtoverifythedesignofalightningrodanditsscopeofprotectiontoachievetheprotectionofthesubstationdirectstroke;ofSubstationlightninginvasionwavetoachievetheprotection,surgearrestersareinstalledbyselectingthetypeanddesignofsubstationprotectionofwiringintothesegment.Finally,groundinginthebasicknowledgetounderstand,calculatethegroundingresistance,soilresistivityofthelargestverticalrootnumber,suchasgrounding,toachievethisprotection35KVsubstationgroundingdesign.Keywords:35KVSubstation;Directstrokeprotection;Invasivewavelightningprotection;GroundProtection3目录摘要......................................................................................................................1目录......................................................................................................................3第1章前言................................................................................................................51.1课题的提出和意义..........................................................................................51.2国内外研究现状..............................................................................................61.3本课题的主要工作..........................................................................................61.3.1研究目标...................................................................................................61.3.2主要研究内容...........................................................................................71.4变电站防雷接地国家相关标准......................................................................71.5本论文涉及的35KV变电站..........................................................................81.5.1变电站的概况...........................................................................................81.5.2变电站相关参数.......................................................................................91.5.3变电站电气主接线图...............................................................................9第2章雷电与防雷装置..........................................................................................112.1雷电................................................................................................................112.1.1雷电及其放电过程.................................................................................112.1.2雷电参数.................................................................................................132.1.3雷击过电压产生的机理.........................................................................172.2防雷装置........................................................................................................182.2.1避雷针.....................................................................................................182.2.2避雷线.....................................................................................................202.2.3避雷带和避雷网........................................................错误!未定义书签。2.2.4避雷器.....................................................................................................21第3章变电站直击雷的防护..................................................................................233.1变电站直击雷防护概述................................................................................233.2建、构筑物年预计年雷击次数....................................................................233.2.1年预计雷击次数计算公式.....................................................................233.2.235KV变电站年预计雷击次数N..........................................................243.3反击................................................................................................................243.3.1反击的产生.............................................................................................243.3.2反击的防止.............................................................................................243.435KV变电站对直击雷防护的设计.............................................................263.4.1采用两根等高避雷针进行防护设计.....................................................263.4.2采用四根等高避雷针进行防护设计......................................