太原理工大学现代科技学院智能仪器课程设计太原理工大学现代科技学院智能温控仪表设计课程设计设计名称智能电热水器设计专业班级自动化09-1班学号2009100601姓名李丰指导教师吕迎春太原理工大学现代科技学院智能仪器课程设计摘要本设计采用ATEML公司生产的AT89S51单片机为核心来设计智能电热水器。本设计也对单片机控制电热水器实现智能化的可能性进行了分析,利用温度传感器、水位检测装置、及模数转换器等来完成本设计。在硬件设计方面,主要对单片机最小系统及其扩展、电源电路、键盘显示及接口电路、模数转换电路、水位及水温检测电路、报警电路进行了详细介绍。还详细介绍了设计中应用到的主要芯片的性能和特点,包括AT89S51、74LS377、DS18B20、ADC0809等。在软件设计方面,采用汇编语言编程,是由于其易于为单片机所识别,执行速度快。最后对软件调试进行了误差分析。该智能电热水器设计完善,实现方案简单易行。采用软件设计来控制,可以实现智能检测水位及水温,智能加热,并且提高了整机的可靠性及准确性。关键词:单片机,控制,智能太原理工大学现代科技学院智能仪器课程设计太原理工大学现代科技学院智能仪器课程设计目录第1章绪论························································································1.1背景、目的及意义·········································································1.2国内外的研究状况和成果································································1.3研究设想和实验设计······································································第2章硬件系统设计··········································································2.1方案验证·····················································································2.2硬件系统设计···············································································2.2.1电源电路············································································2.2.2键盘/显示接口电路······························································2.2.5报警电路············································································2.2.6模数转换电路······································································2.2.7温度检测电路······································································2.2.8水位检测电路······································································2.2.9AT89S51功能及特性介绍························································第3章软件系统设计··········································································3.1主程序流程框图······································································3.2键扫描子程序流程框图·····························································3.3显示子程序流程框图································································3.4运行程序流程框图···································································3.5软件仿真···············································································结论······································································································参考文献·······························································································附录1程序清单·····················································································太原理工大学现代科技学院智能仪器课程设计附录2电源电路原理图··········································································附录3智能电热水器原理图附录4中文资料太原理工大学现代科技学院智能仪器课程设计专业班级自动化09-1学号2009100601姓名李丰成绩第1章绪论1.1选题的背景、目的及意义据不完全统计,我市城镇居民家庭以电热水器为主,占总量的60%以上;从前风光无限的燃气热水器渐渐地黯然失色,市场份额仅剩不足20%;新兴的太阳能热水器虽然受到安装条件的限制,但其安全、环保的性能广受消费者青睐,发展态势迅猛,市场占有率已达到15%左右。于安全方面的考虑是城镇居民更多选择电热水器和太阳能热水器的主要原因。时下的商品房通风效果并不好,燃气产生的污染无法及时消除,而电热水器和太阳能热水器则基本没有这方面的忧虑。三大热水器:燃气热水器———廉颇老矣;电热水器———风头正劲;太阳能热水器———后劲十足。电热水器的优点:易安装,不受天气的影响,不受楼层和供水管道的限制,投入小。随着技术进步和新品的开发,下置式、嵌入式等多种安装形式的电热水器先后上市,彻底摆脱了房间空间的限制。中央供水和数码智能的电热水器也已进入市场。电热水器的安全问题涉及到消费者的生命,又加上近些年的能源危机,人们生活节奏的加快,智能化电热水器越来越受到消费者的青睐。在当今社会,科技日新月异,热水器技术飞速发展,越来越多的科技成果被运用到热水器的制造中。如今的热水器产品已经绝对不是一个简单的加热器,而是科技含量高的现代化家电产品。随着我国人民生活水平的逐渐提高,其生活条件有了很大的改善,智能化电器在人们日常生活中占有比重越来越大,与家庭生活密切相关的热水器品种层出不穷,花样翻新。正是在这样的背景下,本设计选择基于AT89S51单片机的智能电热水器的设计研究。本选题目的是基于人们对现代家庭舒适、便利、安全以及多元化信息服务的需要,基于AT89S51单片机设计具有智能特征的电热水器控制器。选用AT89S51单片机作为控制芯片,就是为了实现电热水器的智能化,持续稳定的热水供应,自动断电的安全功能,使人们洗浴时能放心享受,利于人们的身体健康,其务实性能快速满足人们对现代生活快节奏的需求。1.2国内外研究状况和成果据了解,热水器内胆最关键,如果内胆损坏就意味着整台机器报废。与其他家用产品不同的是,电热水器没有必要频繁升级换代,出于安全性和经济性的考虑,热水器的……………………………………装………………………………………订…………………………………………线………………………………………太原理工大学现代科技学院智能仪器课程设计耐用性才是厂商需要绞尽脑汁的。空调的核心是压缩机,电扇的核心是电机。对于热水器来说内胆是最关键的,从一定意义来说,内胆的品质就代表热水器的品质。目前的内胆技术纷繁复杂,但究其本质目标都是一样的:保温、耐压、不生锈、无水垢、不渗水是内胆的基本要求。市场上常见的类型有搪瓷内胆、不锈钢内胆、钛金内胆、金圭内胆等,搪瓷内胆抗疲劳性差,不锈钢内胆焊缝容易漏水,目前比较先进的内胆主要是钛金内胆。除了对耐用性的不懈追求,智能化技术运用是今后技术发展的一个普遍趋势。燃气热水器设有自动恒温控制,停气自动关机,超水温泄压等安全保护功能,即使临时停气,仍有储存的热水使用。智能化技术的运用有两个好处,一是更方便,二是更节能,按照用户的使用习惯提前预先加热,让使用者随心享用热水。而在非用水时间则启动中温保温方程式,根据设定温度计算出最节能的保温温度,减小热水器内外温差,因而大大减少保温加热次数,真正做到不拔插头更省电。在节能上冰箱等家电产品已经走在了前面,热水器这种用电量很大的产品更加应该推进节能技术的普及。对于传统的电热水器行业而言,要想出现本质性的突破几乎是不可能的,而在功能上不断提升,抓住人性化需求,却是一条可行之路。而事实正是如此。阿里斯顿、比利奇、史密斯、海尔、美的争先恐后推出了超大液晶屏、电子线控、超薄时尚、双管加热、漏电保护器、防电墙、多口出水等新技术,尤其是海尔,甚至在电热水器上增加了按摩功能,专门的喷雾按摩喷嘴,让消费者可以足不出户就感受按摩的快乐。国外对智能电热水器的主要研究成果有:西门子智能电热水器,采用德国新电脑温控技术,确保出水温度均匀恒定,使沐浴成为真正的享受。西门子家电集团采用西门子在电站技术上的强大防漏电安全技术为基础,开发出独有的ELCB德国安全专家模式功能。除具有正常的防漏电装置外,还具备安全电流自我检测功能,随时检测防漏电系统是否正常工作,双重保险将个体与电源完全分开,杜绝意外发生。樱花IMES智能记忆节能系统,突破了传统单时段节能模式,提供了独一无二的三时段定时预热和七种供水模式,其工作过程“聪明伶俐”,它不断自动存储、分析主人近一个月用水的具体数据,以最经济的模式提前为主人准备热水,真正实现全天候节能供水。特别是还具备体贴的停电数据保留功能,就算停电48小时,也能自动记忆所有参数,让主人毫无后顾之忧。全新的智能中温保温功能,彻底弥补了传统中温保温的缺陷,根据设定水温、环境、季节的不同,自动选择最节能的保温状态,避免固定中温技术大幅度温差造成不必要的浪费,缩短加热时间,切实做到省电节能。配合特有超厚高密度聚氨脂发泡层,节能指标全面达到国家专业标准,当然倍受信赖。完美的节能系统整合,把IMES智能记忆作为系统节能的核心,将各种节能的细节整合到尽善尽美,智能记忆与自动加热技术的融合应用,自动加热、实时加热、定时加热三种工作模式任意选择。就中国的具体情况而言,其研究成果虽稍逊于国外,但是学者们也在努力寻求技术太原理工大学现代科技学院智能仪器课程设计的突破,比如海尔就走在了同行的前面。近日,海尔推出了一款全新产品——银海象A6智能专家,成为国内第一款具备记忆和计算能力双重智能的热水器。能记是A6的最大特色。它独有的断电自动记忆功能,即使突然停电,系统也会将之前设置的参数自动保存,从而在来电开机时仍保持原有设计,无需重新设置,方便简单。会算是A6的又一特色。许多