语法点集中攻坚单元要点大本营单元一法练写作Unit2I’llhelptocleanupthecityparks.(一)动词不定式语法讲堂动词不定式的形式及性质考点1(1)动词不定式的基本形式:todo(to有时可省略);(2)动词不定式变否定:not(to)do;(3)动词不定式无人称变化;(4)动词不定式仍保留动词特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语。eg:tospeakatthemeeting在会议上发言toreadnewspapers看报纸动词不定式的句法作用考点2作主语Toplayfootballisinteresting.踢足球是有趣的。作宾语Theywouldliketocomebybus.他们想乘公共汽车来。作宾语补足语Theteacheraskedthestudentstoreaditagain.那个老师让学生们又把它读了一遍。作定语Doyouhaveanythingtoeat?你有吃的东西吗?作状语Togetthere,youshouldtakethetrain.要到达那里,你应该乘火车。考向一不定式作宾语todo不定式可表“将来”或“来做”的含义。eg:wouldliketodosth.想要做某事(来做)plantodosth.计划做某事(计划将来)常见的后接不定式作宾语的动词有:need,like,want,wish,hope,decide,expect等。典例Kate,remembertothesicktocheerthemup.(成都改编)A.tosingB.nottosingC.singingA【点拨】remembertodosth.记得去做某事。todo作remember的宾语。考向二不定式作宾补有的动词后加不定式作宾补,构成“v.+sb./sth.todo”结构,此类动词中常见的有:ask,tell,wouldlike,want,expect(期待),wish,allow(允许),encourage(鼓励)等。典例MrSmithtoldhissonthefootballmatchbecauseoftheexam.(呼和浩特)A.nottowatchB.tonotwatchC.notwatchingD.doesn'twatchA【点拨】tellsb.nottodosth.告诉某人不要做某事。考向三不定式作状语不定式作状语表目的、结果,或用在某些表示人的心情类的形容词后表原因。典例Manyfastfoodrestaurantspaint(涂)theirwallsred,playloudmusicandhavehardseatscustomers(顾客)eatquicklyandleave.(杭州)A.makeB.tomakeC.madeD.making【点拨】句意:许多快餐店把它们的墙刷成红色,播放吵闹的音乐,并放置坚硬的座位,为的是使顾客快点吃完离开。不定式在句中作目的状语。B动词不定式可以和what,which,how,where,when等特殊疑问词连用。eg:ThequestionisIdon'tknowwhentostart.问题是我不知道什么时候开始。考点3典例Ireallydon'tknowwhatIcandotohelpherout.(改为简单句)Ireallydon'tknowwhattohelpherout.(兰州)【点拨】考查特殊疑问词与不定式连用。用转换法。当主句的主语与从句的主语一致时,“what+主语+can/should/could+动词”可以替换为“whatto+动词”。todo不带to的不定式:两类动词后作宾补的不定式不带to:①感官动词:see,hear,watch,feel,notice等②使役动词:let,make,have等eg:Iheardthemarguethismorning.今天早上我听到他们吵架了。(强调整个过程)Theymadethechildrenplaythepiano6hoursadaylastmonth.上个月他们让这些孩子每天弹6个小时钢琴。考点4①help带不带to均可以。②此类动词后用不带to的不定式作宾补,当变被动时,必须还原to。eg:WilliamisoftenseentoplayChinesekungfuinthepark.人们常看到威廉在公园练中国功夫。【注意】典例Thoughheoftenmadehislittlesister_______,todayhewasmadebyhislittlesister.(汕尾)A.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.tocry;cry【点拨】makesb.dosth.变为被动语态时,被省略的to要恢复,即sb.bemadetodosth.。Acould表建议时,意为“可以,不妨”,用于委婉、客气地建议做某事,语气比should委婉。eg:Wecouldwritealettertotheheadmaster.我们不妨写一封信给校长。Youcouldtryhishomenumber.你可以试试他家的电话号码。(二)情态动词could表建议的用法典例翻译句子。1.你可以尽量用一些新方法解决这个问题。______________________________________________________________________________________2.当你感到孤独时,你不妨打个电话给你的父母。______________________________________________________________________________________Youcouldtrytousesomenewmethodstosolvethisproblem.Whenyoufeellonely,youcouldmakeacalltoyourparents.短语动词是一种固定词组,由动词加介词或副词等构成,其作用相当于一个动词。构成:常见的形式有1.动词+副词,如:putup2.动词+介词,如:lookat3.动词+副词+介词,如:runoutof4.动词+名词+介词,如:takecareof(三)短语动词动词+副词考点1【难点】考向一常见的相当于及物动词的这类短语动词有:cheerup(振奋起来),cleanup(打扫干净),setup(建立),putup(搭建,张贴),cutup(切碎),fixup(修理),workout(算出),giveout(分发),giveaway(赠送),thinkover(仔细思考),turnover(把……翻过来),handin(上交)等。此类短语相当于及物动词时,后面必须跟宾语,若名词作宾语,可以放在副词前面或后面,但代词作宾语时,必须置于副词之前。【注意】典例Ifyoumeetsomenewwords,youcan_______inadictionary.(清远)A.lookitupB.lookupitC.lookthemupD.lookupthem【点拨】lookup短语中up为副词,代词作宾语必须置于副词之前,故排除B、D;由somenewwords可排除A。C考向二常见的相当于不及物动词的这类短语动词有:getup(起床),startoff(动身),comeback(回来),getdown(下来),holdon(等一下;别挂断),lookout(当心,小心),getaway(逃离)等。动词+介词考点2这种结构的短语动词在句中作谓语时,后面必须接宾语。常见的有:lookfor(寻找),standfor(代表),waitfor(等待),payfor(付费),sendfor(派人去请),takeafter(像),hearfrom(收到……的来信),hearof(听说),dependon(依靠)等。典例Thisfoodisfree.Youdon'thavetoit.(河北)A.lookforB.payforC.askforD.waitfor【点拨】lookfor寻找;payfor付费;askfor请求;waitfor等待。由语境可知食物免费,不必付钱。B动词+副词+介词考点3这种短语动词相当于及物动词,介词后面需跟宾语。常见有:addupto(总共是),catchupwith(赶上),lookdownupon(瞧不起),runoutof(耗尽,用光)等。典例Don'tworry!I'msureyou'llyourclassmatesifyouarekindandfriendlytothem.(随州)A.catchupwithB.getonwellwithC.agreewithD.bestrictwith【点拨】本题考查短语辨析。catchupwith赶上,getonwellwith与……相处得好,agreewith同意,bestrictwith对……要求严格。B动词+名词+介词考点4典例Aroundtheworldmoreandmorepeoplearedangeroussportsactivities,becauselifeinmodernsocietieshasbecomesafeandboring.(临沂)A.takingoutB.takingoffC.takingpartinD.takingcareofC这种短语动词相当于及物动词,后面需接宾语,有时名词前可以加形容词修饰。常见的有:makefunof(取笑),makeuseof(利用),payattentionto(注意),takecareof(照顾)等。这类短语动词后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词,都要放在介词之后。eg:Heistakingcareofhislittlebrother.他在照顾他弟弟。Weshouldn'tmakefunofothers.我们不应该嘲笑他人。【注意】即学即练一、用所给词的适当形式填空1.Hewants__________(put)upsomesignsaskingforoldtoys.2.Mariaplans__________(be)ateacherbecausesheloveschildren.3.Iwanttolearnmoreabouthow___________(care)foranimals.4.Theywillgettogether_____________(discuss)thisquestion.toputtobetocaretodiscuss5.(2015·南京)Weneedtomakemoreyoungpeople________(learn)ShadowPlaysothatitwon'tdisappearinChina.6.(2015·常州)Thatistheonlywaywecanimagine________________(reduce)thewasteofwaterinthebathroom.7.Lastyear,shedecided________________(try)outforavolunteerafterschoolreadingprogram.learntoreducetotry8.Wouldyoulike_______(go)andhaveapicnicwithustomorrow?9.Shehopes_______(be)avolunteerduringthissummervacation.10.(2016·烟台)Pleasepromise_____________(nottell)liesanymore,willyou?togotobenottotell11.(2015·邵阳)Thegirlwasmade________herbrother'sclothes.A.towashB.washC.washingA二、单项选择【点拨】可用寻找题眼法。make的用法为“makesb.dosth.”,但是当变为被动语态时,省略的不定式符号to就要恢复,即“sb.bem