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第1页动词不定式动词不定式是一种非谓语形式，其结构为to+动词原形，其中to不是介词，而是动词不定式符号，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成的不定时短语，在句子中可以做主语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，状语等。动词不定式的形式及性质（1）动词不定式的基本形式：todo(to有时候可省略)（2）动词不定式变否定：not（to）do（3）动词不定式无人称变化（4）动词不定式任然保留动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语Tospeakathemeetingtoreadnewspaper动词不定式的句法作用一．做主语动词不定式做主语，表示句子说的是什么（指具体动作）。例：Toanswertheteacher’squestionsisverydifficult.Todomyhomeworkoftentakesmeabouttwohourseveryday.由于动词不定式或动词不定式短语做主语放在句首太长，有头重脚轻之嫌，所以常常用人称代词it来代替它作主语，称为形式主语，而真正的主语（动词不定式或动词不定式短语）被放在句尾。例：Itoftentakesmeabouttwohourstodomyhomeworkeveryday.Itisgoodforustodomorningexerciseseveryday.于是就出现了初中两个重要句型“ittakessb.timetodosth.”“itis+形容词+（for/ofsb.）todosth.”例：Ittakesmehalfanhourtocometoschool.Itisdifficultformetofinishthehomeworkontome.二．动词不定式作表语动词不定式常在wish,hope,dream等后作表语。Eg：Hisdreamistobecomeanactor.他的梦想是当一名演员Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实三．做宾语动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词的后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有hope,want,decide,wish,plan,beg,learn,agree,refuse,afford,wouldlike,need,choose,pretend,promise,expect,fail,demand,等。Theyvolunteertocleanupthehousefortheoldlady.Theywouldliketocomebybus.拓展:1）既可以接动词不定式，又可接动词ing作宾语，两者意义区别并不大的动词，常见的有：like，love，hate,begin,start。2）既可以接动词不定式，又可接动词ing作宾语，两者意义差别很大的动词，常见的有trytodo尽力做meantodo打算做trydoing尝试做meandoing意味着forgettodo忘记去做remembertodo记得去做第2页forgetdoing忘记做过rememberdoing记得做过stoptodo停下来去做另一件事stopdoing停止做正在做的事情四．作宾语补足语动词不定式做宾语补足语，表示宾语所做的动作。可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：tell,ask,want,like,invite,encourage,help,teach,order,wish,follow,wouldlike,show.但在一感：fell二听：hear,listento三让：let,make,have四看：see,watch,notice,observe等词后面做宾语补足语的动词不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号“to”,动词不定式作宾补，可以归纳为以下二种句式1）不可以省略to的不定式做宾语补足语，tell,ask,want,like,invite,encourage,help,teach,order,wish,follow,wouldlike,show+sb+todosthEg:Theteachertoldustocomeearliertomorrow.Herparentswishhertobeateacher.2)省“to”的不定式作宾补①Let/make/have+sb+dosthLettheboygooutnow.Theymadethechildrenplaythepiano6hoursadaylastmonth.②see/watch/hear/notice/feel+sb+dosthIheardthemarguethismorning.③在whynot后Eg：Whynotgowithus?④在hadbetter后Eg：You’dbettergetupearly.注意：①help带不带to都可以Eg：Ioftenhelpmymother(to)dohousework.②此类动词后不带to的不定式作宾补，当变被动时，必须还原toEg：WilliamisoftenseentoplayChinesekungfuinthepark.五．作定语动词不定式作定语，一般都是做后置定语，修饰前面的名词或者代词。(不定代词，抽象名词time，way，reason，chance，ability，courage，opportunity，wish)不定式与所修饰词之间的关系1），主谓关系被修饰词实际上是不定式的逻辑主语Eg：Weneedsomeonetohelpwiththework.2）动宾关系被修饰的词是不定式的逻辑宾语Eg：Ihavemanyletterstowrite.Thereisnothingtoeat.注意：当不定式与修饰的词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，而改不定式是不及物动词时，其后需要加上适当的介词，构成及物动词短语。Eg：Iamlookingforaroomtolivein.第3页Ineedapieceofpapertowriteon.当不定式作定语且所修饰的词为time，place,way时，不定式后的介词一般要省去。Eg：Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive.六．作状语（1）作目的状语,放在句首或句尾Eg：Hestoppedtohavearest.Hesavedsomemoneytobuyanewcar.(2)作原因状语，跟在表语的形容词或者过去分词后Eg：I’mgladtoseeyouagain.I’msorrytohearthat.(3)作结果状语，用在too….to….,…enoughtodo结构中Eg：Sheistooyoungtounderstandallthat.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.七．动词不定式可以和what，which，how，where，when等特殊疑问词连用Eg:ThequestionisIdon’tknowwhentostart.Youdonotknowwhattodoandhowtodo课堂练习1.Theteacheraskedus_________somuchnoise.A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake2.Herbrotherdecided__________anewbike.A.buyB.buyingC.boughtD.tobuy3.Wemadehim__________fivehoursaday.A.workB.toworkC.workingD.worked4.Doyouhaveanything__________foryourself?A.sayB.tosayC.sayingD.said5.Hismothertoldhim_____________inbed.A.don’treadB.readnotC.tonotreadD.nottoread6._____________thecomputerisaproblem.A.HowtouseB.WhattouseC.WheretouseD.Whichtouse7.___________Englishwell,onemusthavealotofpractice.A.SpeaksB.TospeakC.SpokenD.Speak8.Lethim__________arest.Ithinkhemustbetiredafterthelongwalk.A.hasB.haveC.tohaveD.having9.Theyhavenopaper_____________.A.towriteB.towritewithC.writeonD.towriteon10.Wefounditdifficult____________tothetopofthemountain.A.getB.togetC.gettingD.togetting