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英语动词的分类及基本形式一、动词的分类按照动词在句中的作用，英语动词可分为四类；实义动词，连系动词，助动词和情态动词，有些动词是兼类词。1、实义动词（行为动词）实义动词（行为动词）说明动作或状态，能独立作谓语，可分为及物动词和不及物动词。Shetypesfast.她打字速度很快。Hestudiesinthisschool.他在这所学校学习。（1）及物动词及物动词必须接宾语，才能有完整的意思，这可以有三种情况；①动词+宾语Herfatherenjoyswarmteaverymuchinsummer.她的父亲夏天非常爱喝热茶。②动词+间接宾语+直接宾语Didhegiveyouapresentyesterday?MayIaskyouaquestion?③动词+宾语+宾补TheycallherLittleLiTheyelectedBushpresident.他们选布什当总统(2)不及物动词不及物动词本身有完整的意思其后不需要跟宾语。例如：Hismotherworksinahospital.Shestayedathomeyesterday.有些动词有时用作及物动词，有时用作不及物动词，词义有时相同，有时不同。WhendidyourfatherleaveBeijing?Heleftyesterday.记住下面这些可带双宾语的动词buy,bring,build,cook,cut,draw,find,hand,get,leave,lend,make,offerpay,pass,read,return,show,sell,tell,teach,write等。2、记住下面带宾补的动词①要求名词作宾补的动词call,name,make,leave,think等。②要求形容词作宾补的动词want,keep,find,get,paint,turn,cut等。2、连系动词连系动词本身有意义，但不能在句子中单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，如be,seem,look,become,get,appear,remain,feel,sound等。Heisalawyer.Shelooksverybeautiful.3、助动词助动词本身没有意义，只能和主要动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气等动词形式，表示否定，疑问等结构中的谓语动词。常用的助动词有：shall,will.have,should,would,do,be等。Idon'tknowwhereheis.（否定句）Doyouhaveadictionarywithyou?(疑问句)IhavebeentoShanghaitwice.（现在完成时）Therewillbeameetingtomorrowmorning.（一般将来时）4、情态动词情态动词表示说话人在能力、必要、义务或猜测等方面的语气或态度，有自已的词义，但不能单独作谓语动词，必须和动词原形一起构成谓语动词，没有人称和数的变化。如：can,may,must,would,should,need,dare,might,usedto等。ShecanspeakEnglishfluently.她能流利和说英语。Youmaytakethebookwithyouifyoulike.如果你喜欢，可以把这本书拿走。Needwehandinourexercise-booksbeforeclass?我们需要在上课前交练习本吗？Theremustbeamistake.准是弄错了。Youshouldn'tdothat.你不应该做那件事。情态动词二要点动词原形跟后面，说话语气较委婉。can表“能力”，may“许可”,must“责任或义务”,否定回答needn't换；“需要”need,dare“敢”，should“应该”，would“愿”，haveto“被迫”表客观。二、动词的基本形式绝大多数动词都有六种基本形式：动词原形、不定式、一般现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。A.第三人称单数形式的构成一般现在时主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词后要加s或es，其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同：1.一般情况下只在动词后加s，如work—works,write—writes。2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的动词，后加es，如guess—guesses,mix—mix,finish—finishes,catch—catches。3.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，改y为ies，如study—studies。注：不规则变化的有have—has,be—is,go—goes,do—does等。B.现在分词的构成1.一般情况下在动词后加ing，如study—studying,work—working。2.以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e再加ing，如write—writing,move—moving。3.以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词，要双写末尾一个辅音字母，再加ing，如get—getting,begin—beginning。4.以ie结尾的名词，一般将ie改为y，再加ing，如lie—lying,die—dying,tie—tying。注：(A)以l结尾的动词，尾音节重读时，双写l，如control—controlling；尾音节不重读时，双不双写都可以，如travel—traveling(美)/travelling(英)。(B)特例：picnic—picnicking。C.过去式和过去分词的构成1.一般情况直接加ed，如ask—asked,work—worked。2.以不发音的e结尾，只加d，如love—loved,dance—danced。3.以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变为ied，如try—tried,study—studied。4.以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词，先双末尾一个字母，再加ed，如stop—stopped,permit—permitted。注：(A)以l结尾的动词，尾音节重读时，双写l，如control—controlled；尾音节不重读时，双不双写都可以，如travel—traveled(美)/traveled(英)。(B)特例：picnic—picnicked。另外，还有很多动词的过去式和过去分词是不合乎上述规则的，需要熟记。一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.Heoften(have)dinnerathome.2.DanielandTommy(be)inClassOne.3.We(notwatch)TVonMonday.4.Nick(notgo)tothezooonSunday.5.they(like)theWorldCup?6.Whattheyoften(do)onSaturdays?7.yourparents(read)newspaperseveryday?8.Thegirl(teach)usEnglishonSundays.9.SheandI(take)awalktogethereveryevening.10.There(be)somewaterinthebottle.11.Mike(like)cooking.12.They(have)thesamehobby.13.Myaunt(look)afterherbabycarefully.14.Youalways(do)yourhomeworkwell.15.I(be)ill.I’mstayinginbed.16.She(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.17.LiuTao(do)notlikePE.18.Thechildoften(watch)TVintheevening.19.SuHaiandSuYang(have)eightlessonsthisterm.20.－Whatday(be)ittoday?————It’sSaturday.（一）用动词的正确形式填空1Mymother______（is）bornin1960.2Thelion_______(bite)thenettwodaysago.3He_______(make)abigholelastweek.4Thecat________(catch)amouseyesterday.5Whatdidhedo?He_______(try)tochangeChina.6She____(sit)underabigtreeand____(read)booksyesterdaymorning.7He________(become)adoctorin1995.8Didyou_______(learn)Englishatschool.9Theydidn’t______(go)tothezooanhourago.They______(go)tothepark.10He______(play)footballontheplaygroundand_______(drink)alotofwateryesterdayafternoon.11_______you_______(drive)acartogetthereyesterdaymorning?No.I______(drive)abus.12Ithoughthe_______(forget)everthing.13She______(fall)overbeforeshegotthebaton.14I________(feed)thedoganhourago.15I_______________(notfeel)wellthismorning.16Thebird_________(fly)hightwodaysago.17Yesterday_____(is)mybirthday,myparents______(give)meadoll.18Lastyear,theplants______(grew)well.19We_____(have)amusiclessonyesterdaymorning.20WhenI______(is)ababy,I_____(have)nohair.ButnowI____(have)longhair.三、改错()1.IsyourbrotherspeakEnglish?ABC()2.Doeshelikesgoingfishing?ABC()3.Helikesplaygamesafterclass.ABC()4.Mr.WuteachsusEnglish.ABC()5.Shedon’tdoherhomeworkonSundays.ABC