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TotalPhysicalResponse(TPR)简介TPR“全身反应法”是上世纪60年代（那个语言学“火红的年代”）由美国心理学教授JamesAsher提出的。他分析研究母语实现的过程，倡导把“语言”和“行为”联系在一起，通过左右脑的共同协调训练建立语言思维，达到掌握外语的目的。具体实现方式是：通过语言学习者听到一个外语指令，用身体动作对它做出对相应的反应，从而使听者逐渐自然建立语言能力。最典型的例子就是当听到“StandUp”就从坐位上站起来，听到“Touchyournose”就去摸自己的鼻子。应用更多的手势和简单实物教具，TPR完全可以展示动词的不同时态以及复杂的句子形式。TPR是典型的符合二语悉得基本理念的一个非常有效的教学体系。它的特点符合SLA的关于语言形成的各项假说和建议：1．主张学习者通过“可理解输入”先建立听力能力，不强迫学生开口说；2．降低学生紧张情绪；3．左右脑协调使用，共同实现语言能力（左脑接受指令，右脑负责做动作）；4．模仿真实的语言环境；5．不教语法知识，也不急于学读写；TPR一般需要由有经验的教师辅导学生完成，特别是零基础者。但有一些基础的同学可以在学友之间甚至自己（先把指令录下）完成。本人认为有一点基础的同学也要自己尝试一下TPR。通过TPR经历，可以很好地帮助建立英文思维。所以同学们不要认为：我懂Standup的意思，不用做了。知道你懂了，但可能它只是一个记忆中的知识或中文的解释，它还不是你思维的一部分。直到重复过几遍，最后能迅速对指令不假思索地作出反应后，才逐渐实现融入自己的思维。大家可以想象这对咱们今后听复杂句子的“反应速度”会有多么重大影响。502WordsthatCanBeLearnedwithTotalPhysicalResponse(TPR),ByDomain.Note:ThefollowingisafirstlistofjustsomeofthewordsthatcaneasilybelearnedusingTPR.Itisexemplary,notcomprehensive,andcanbeusedasastarttomakeoflistof1,000oreven2,000words.Afewthewordsareculture/countyspecificbutyoucanreplacethemwiththingsfromwhereyouare.——CompletedbyBukeQian五官动作GeneralBodyMovements111.standup112.sitdown113.walk114.Stop115.walk3steps,etc.115.turnleft116.turnright117.turnaround转圈118.walkbackwards倒着走119.jump110.hop-单足跳/齐足跳11.bendover俯身12.squat[skwɑt]-蹲，跪下17.kick用脚踢14.face(faceme;facethewall,facethedoor,etc.)18.kissme(onthecheek!)15.liftupyourrightleg(leftleg,rightarm,etc.)抬起16.loweryourleg(leftleg,rightarm,etc.)13.nod点点头14.shake摇头不赞成25.shrug耸耸肩膀17.scratch发痒用手抓17.shakemyhand握手19.makeafist握拳20.clapyourhands22.wave21.snapyourfingers51.pointedto用手指向15.slapachild,打孩子16.chewyourfood[tʃʊ]咀嚼食物26.bite咬Partsofthebody408.hair409.Forehead410.Eyebrow411.eyelash-睫毛412.eye413.ear414.cheek415.nose416.lip/lips417.mouth418.moustache-小胡子419.beard胡须420.Chin下巴421.throat422.tooth/teeth423.tongue[tʌŋ]舌头424.chest425.Back426.shoulder427.belly-腹部428.arm429.leg430.thigh[θaɪ]-大腿431.shin[ʃɪn]小腿骨432.hand433.finger434.fingers435.thumb[θʌm]拇指436.knuckle-['nʌkl]指关节437.fingernail-手指甲438.elbow-肘439.knee440.foot441.ankle踝关节442.toe/toes脚趾；足尖Facialthings23.smile24.cough咳嗽25.laugh26.cry27.sneeze喷嚏28.openyourmouth29.closeyourmouth30.stickoutyourtongue伸出31.putyourtonguebackin32.wink一般的眨眼33.Blink眨眼（因惊吓、强光刺激）眨眼34.glancedat瞥了一眼35.staredat盯着Generalverbsyoucanusewithobjects35.whereis36.Touch37.showme38.pickup捡起39.putdown放下40.putitback(return)放回去41.drop使掉下，使落下42.move43.giveme(givehim)44.takeitback拿回去45.throw抛46.catch47.turnover翻过来48.putthe_____on(underetc.)the______51.lift-举起，抬起49.Push推50.pull拉Basicadverbs-基本副词364.quickly365.Slowly366.carefullyvoicethings367.speak368.sing369.Hum哼哼/发嘈杂声370.whisper-低声说，沙沙响371.whistle吹口哨371.shout/yell呼喊；大叫372.stopspeaking(singing,humming,etc.)果菜厨房Drinks81.water82.milk83.juice84.Soda汽水85.yogurt(drinking)86.coffee87.teaFruits/vegetables88.apple89.banana91.plum-梅子/李子92.Grapes93.fig-无花果90.orange96.lemon98.watermelon99.tomato100.Cucumber['kjuːkʌmbə]黄瓜102.onion107.garlic-大蒜103.carrot胡萝卜106.potato土豆104.eggplant-茄子101.zucchini-[zu'kini]西葫芦109.lettuce-['letɪs]生菜、莴苣113.cabbage[ˈkæbɪdʒ]卷心菜111.celery-西芹112.mint-薄荷95.Raisins['rezn]葡萄干97.pomegranate-['pɑmɪɡrænɪt]石榴Kitchentablestuff52.cup53.plate54.bowl55.knife56.fork57.spoon[spun]勺子58.napkin/tissue餐巾59.dish盘子62.table63.chairKitchenstuff64.pan平底锅65.oven-[ˈʌvən]烤箱，烤炉66.stove-[stov]烤炉67.sink-水池，水槽68.faucet-['fɔsɪt]水龙头69.Counter柜台70.cupboard['kʌbɚd]碗柜71.refrigerator[rɪ'frɪdʒəreɪtə]冰箱Basicfoods72.flour-['flaʊr]面粉73.sugar74.bread75.tealeaves76.coffee咖啡77.rice78.nuts79.Yogurt酸奶80.candy,etc.金钱Wordshavingtodowithmoney138.coin硬币，美分139.Bill钞票140.Dollar142.price143.Howmuchisit(arethey)?多少钱?144.Canyoucomedownalittle?能便宜一点吗?151.payme5dollar,etc.152.havechangeforthisbill换零钱交通Thingsyou'llseeoutsideinacity213.car214.truck215.Motorcycle216.bicycle217.bus218.pedestrian[pə'dɛstrɪən](walker)行人219.policeman222.house220.officebuilding223.apartmentbuilding221.restaurant224.grocerystore小卖部225.vegetable/fruitstore店227.Bakery面包店226.butcher'sshop-肉铺228.gasstation-加油站229购物shopping230.conveniencestore便利店231.chainstore连锁店232.supermarket超市wordshavingtodowithacar229.car230.door250.engine246.hood[hʊd]引擎盖231.frontseat232.backseat233.driver'sseat234.passengerseat236.seatbelt257.puton/takeoffyourseatbelt235.steeringwheel-方向盘237.breakpedal-刹车踏板238.gaspedal-油门239.clutchpedal离合器踏板240.speedometer-速度计241.gasgauge-油量表242.gearshift-换挡244.ignitionswitch-点火开关243.emergencybreak紧急刹车245.horn-喇叭256.lightswitch灯开关255.turnsignalswitch247.headlight-前灯248.Fender挡泥板251.trunk-车厢252.tire['taɪɚ]-轮胎254.exhaustpipe-排气管249.licenseplate车牌照258.turnonthecar259.turnoffthecar260.driveforward261.倒车backacar262.turnright263.turnleft264.doaU-turn掉头265.turnonyourleftturnsignal266.turnonyourrightturnsignal267.usethehorn268.stop269.speedup270.slowdown271.turnon/offtheheadlights272.turnon/offthehighbeams-开远光灯，探照灯273.turnon/offtheinsidelight274.winddownthewindow-关窗户275.windupthewindow卷起窗户276.lockthedoor(fromtheinside)277.lockthedoor(fromtheoutside)278.driver'slicense家居Wordshavingtodowithadoor125.door126.key127.doorknob-门把手128.hinge-[hɪn(d)ʒ]铰链，合叶129.peephole-['piːphəʊl]窥视孔/猫眼130.doorbell131.openthe