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:2000-10-10;:2001-09-03:(1975-),,,,郑淑颖1,管东生2(,510045;,510275):,,CO2;CO2CO2:;;:X511;S766:A:1001-5221(2001)04-0369-05,CO225%,280Lmol/mol355Lmol/mol[1,2],015%[1],21650~700Lmol/molCO2,,174(UNFCCC),,,,,CO2CO213,3:(CO2HCO3-CO32-),()(),CO2,[3]CO2,[4],,[3],,[5],(1[2])1860,,,,2214200112TROPICALGEOGRAPHYVol121,No14Dec1,20012,()[2,6-8],211MaunaLoaCO2,2050,,90CO2,[9]410@1012tC[3],(610@1011tC)(515@1011tC)80515@109tC/a[4],(615@109tC/a[6])312@109tC/a(314@109tC/a[6]),,CO2212WBGU(1998),4146@1011tC2101@1012tC,,46%,23%,21211森林利用方式的改变CO2,1860~19801135@1011~2128@1011tC1980118@109~417@109tC,80%1960,[8]:[10](FAO)1981,()415@106hm2/a,2117@107hm2/a,416@106hm2/a,CO217%,,20007812%,CO2,,,FAO,19862/3,CO2,25%~40%,(0~20cm),40%[12],;,20%18%~27%417@108tC/a(311@108tC/a,116@108tC/a),90,(),)))CO2FAO1997170:1990~19955163@107hm2,6151@107hm2,818@106hm2CO21115@109tC/a(1144@109tC/a,219@108tC/a),619@108tC/a,,,37021[13],,,,,[14],,FAO[15],,,21212草原利用方式的改变1614%[16],3108@1011tC,1512%,92%(2182@1011tC)[17][16];,[18];,[18,19],30%~50%[20,21]Houghton1850~198010@109tC,,,,40(0~20cm)1214%[16]213,CO2,CO2,CO2,Pretice(1990)2CO2[22],,,,,,;,,,2@CO2380CO2515@109tC/a,116@109tC/a,312@109tC/a,210@109tC/a612@1010tC/a,[3]119@109tC/a/0,/0,70,,,CO2,,[22],CO2,[23];CO2,[24],/0CO2()[3,25,26],510@108tC/a[9],,,CO2,,[7],,,,(150,200[27]),,(411@108tC/a)[28],,(),CO2CO2,))),;,[29],3714:,,1980~199541%~48%,:[1]NeftelA,MoorE,OeschgerH,etal.EvidencefrompolaricecoresfortheincreaseinatmosphericCO2inthepasttwocenturies[J].Nature,1985,315:45-47.[2]SlegenthalerU,SarmientoJL.Atmosphericcarbondioxideandtheocean[J].Nature,1993,365:119-125.[3]PostWM,PengT,EmanuelWR,etal.TheGlobalCarbonCycle[J].AmericaScientist,1990,78:310-326.[4]SchimelDS.Terrestrialecosystemsandthecarbon-cycle[J].GlobalChangeBiology,1995,1(1):77-91.[5],.[J].,1998,24(3):12-17.[6]IGBPTerrestrialCarbonWorkingGroup.TheTerrestrialCarbonCycle:ImplicationsfortheKyotoProtocol[J].Science,1998,280:1393-1934.[7]ManojDabas,ShubhraBhatia.:[J].AMBIO,1996,25(5):326-329.[8]WoodwellGM,HobbieJE,HoughtonRA,etal.GlobalDeforestation:ContributiontoAtmosphericCarbonDioxide[J].Science,1983,222(4628):1081-1086.[9]MartinHeimann.100ArrheniusHogbom[J].AMBIO,1997,26(1):17-23.[10]MayersN.ConversionofTropicalMostForests[J].ClimateChange,1980,2:207.[11]FAO.WorldForestProducts:DemandandSupply1990and2000[J].FAOForestryPaper,1982:29.[12]DavisonEA,AchermanIL.ChangeinSoilCarbonInventionsFollowingCultivationofPreviouslyUntilledSoils[J].Biogeochemistry,1993,20:161-193.[13]PotterCS.TerrestrialBiomassandTheEffectsofDeforestationontheGlobalCarbonCycle[J].Bioscience,1999,49(10):769-778.[14],.[J].,1999,14(4):384-390.[15]FAO.ForestResourcesAssessment1990:TropicalCountries[J].FAOForestryPaper,1993:112.[16].[J].,1998,22(4):300-302.[17]HoughtonRA.Changesinthestorageofterrestrialcarbonsince1850[A].IncBocaRaton.SoilsandGlobalChange[C].Florida:CRCpress,1995.45-65.[18]AndersonDW,ColemanDC.Thedynamicsoforganicmatteringrass-landsoils[J].JournalofSoilandWaterConservation,1985,40:211-216.[19]McConnellSG,QuinnML.SoilproductivityoffourlandusesystemsinsoutheasterninsoutheasternMontana[J].SoilScienceSocietyofAmer-icaJournal,1988.52:500-506.[20]DavidsonEA,AckermanIL.Changesinsoilcarboninventoriesfollow-ingcultivationofpreviouslyuntilledsoils[J].Biogeochemistry,1993:20:161-193.[21]AguilarR.,KellyEF,HeilRD.Effectsofcultivationonsoilsinnorth-ernGreatPlainsrangeland[J].SoilScienceSocietyofAmericaJournal,1988,52:1081-1085.[22]PrenticeKC,FungIY.TheSensitivityofTerrestrialCarbonStoragetoClimateChange[J].Nature,1990,346:48-51.[23],.CO2[J].,1998,17:1-6.[24]GundersonCA,NorbyRJ,WullschlegerSD.FoliarGasExchangeRe-sponseofTwoDeciduousHardwoodsduringThreeYearsofGrowthinEle-vatedCO2:NoLossofPhotosynthesisEnhancement[J].Plant,CellandEnvironment,1993,16:797-807.[25]MichealBender.AquickeningontheUptake?[J].Nature,1996,381:195-196.[26]HarrisonK,BroeckerW.AStrategyforEstimatingtheImpactingofCO2FertilizationonSoilCarbonStorage[J].GlobalBiogeochemicalCycle,1993,7(1):69-80.[27]HarmonME,FerrellWK,FranklinJF.EffectsonCarbonStorageofConversionofOld-GrowthForeststoYoungForests[J].Science,1990,247:699-702.[28]TwilleyRR,ChenRH,HargisT.CarbonSinkinMangrovesandTheirImplicationstoCarbonBudgetofTropicalCastalEcosystems[J].Water,Air,andSoilPollution,1992,64:265-288.[29].)))/[J].,1996,51(6):553-558.37221THEIMPACTOFHUMANACTIVITYONTHEGLOBALCARBONCYCLEZHENGShu-ying1,GUANDong-sheng2(1.EnvironmentProtectionBureauofGuangdongProvince,Guangzhou510045,China;2.DepartmentofEnvironmentalScience,ZhongshanUniversity,Guangzhou510275,China)Abstract:Inthepre-industrialperiod,thecarboncyclewasjustacarbonfluxamongtheatmosphere,oceanandterrestrialecosystem.Theexchangebetweencarbonpoolshadbeenkeptinakineticequilibrium.Sincetheindustrialperiod,humanactivityhasbeenacriticaldisturbingforcetotheglobalcarboncycle.Thecarbonstoredinthegeologicalcarbonpoolhasbeenapartofshor-ttermcarboncyclebecauseoftheuseoffossilfuel.TheincreaseofCO2bylanduse,suchasforestandpasturereclamation,hasaggravatedtheburdenofatmosphere.However,afforestationandreforestationbeca