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专题二语法填空1.命题形式语法填空是在一篇200词左右的短文中留出10个空白,考查考生在理解文章大意的基础上,对语境中的词语、句子、篇章逻辑的正确使用能力,涵盖了词汇、语法规则、构词知识、逻辑理解等层面,其中包括结合上下文直接填写1个单词和用所给单词的正确形式填写两种形式。分析2016—2019年的高考语法填空试题我们可以看出语法填空题的设空规律。2016—2019年高考全国卷语法填空考情一览表2.命题规律(1)无提示词从上表我们可以看出,无提示词填空一般考查助动词、情态动词、冠词、介词、副词、代词、连词或从句的连接词。(2)有提示词有提示词填空主要考查词性转换、时态及语态和非谓语动词形式。Passage1(2019·全国1,15分,难度★★★)ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence61.theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen62.(poor)studied;however,biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20,000-25,000polarbearsworldwide.Modernmethods63.trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive64.(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavut65.(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa66.(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.Scientistshaverespondedby67.(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsare68.(high)thantheyactuallyare.Of69.nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six70.(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由于居住范围广,监测费用高等因素,北极熊的数量难以准确估算,生物学家们对此持谨慎乐观的态度。61.答案that解析考查连接词。该空前后均为句子,且空格后面的句子是对空格前面的名词evidence的内容的解释说明,由此判断该空为同位语从句的引导词,表示陈述语气,故填that。62.答案poorly解析考查副词。该空前后部分均为谓语成分hasbeenstudied,用副词修饰谓语部分,故填poorly。63.答案of/for解析考查介词。该空前面为名词methods,后面为动词-ing形式tracking,故应填介词。用of表示所属关系,也可填介词for。64.答案toperform解析考查非谓语动词。该空所在分句已有谓语动词are,故应填动词的非谓语形式。根据“be+adj.+todo”结构可知,应填toperform。65.答案havereported解析考查动词的时态。本句的时间状语为inrecentyears,是现在完成时的标志。根据语境,主语Inuitpeople与report之间为主动关系,且people为复数形式,故填havereported。66.答案belief解析考查名词。该空前面有冠词a,应填名词,故填belief。67.答案noting解析考查非谓语动词。该空前面为介词by,应填动词-ing形式,且scientists与note之间为逻辑上的主动关系,故填noting。68.答案higher解析考查形容词的比较级。该空后面有than,应填形容词的比较级形式,故填higher。69.答案the解析考查冠词。该空后面为名词短语,根据语境及空格前的of可知存在限定范围,故填the。70.答案are解析考查主谓一致。根据并列谓语动词时态和语态一致原则,此处采用一般现在时和主动语态。故填are。Passage2(2019·全国2,15分,难度★★)A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for61.(be)Britain’soldestfull-timeemployee—stillworking40hoursaweek.NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,62.sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.Heryearsofhardworkhave63.(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire’sWomanOfTheYear.Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene64.(declare)shehadnoplans65.(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.Irenesaid,“Idon’tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI66.(make)overtheyears.IworknotbecauseIhaveto,67.becauseIwantto.”GranddaughterGayleParks,31—whoworksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness—saiditremainedunknownastowhonominatedIrenefortheaward.Shesaid,“Wedon’thaveanyideawhoputgrandmaforward.Whenwegotacall68.(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwas69.joke.Butthenwegotanofficialletterandwewereblownaway.Wearesoproudofher.It’s70.(wonder).”【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了一位90岁的英国女士仍然坚持工作,被评为“年度女性”的事迹。61.答案being解析考查非谓语动词。for是介词,后接动词时要用动词-ing形式。62.答案which解析考查定语从句。先行词是thepetshop,关系词在非限制性定语从句中做宾语,所以填which。63.答案finally解析考查副词。分析句子成分可知,所填的词在句中做状语,所以用副词形式。64.答案declared解析考查时态。根据下文的“shehadnoplans”可知,此处讲述的是过去发生的事情,所以用一般过去时。65.答案toretire解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,plans后接动词不定式做定语。66.答案havemade解析考查时态。根据句中的时间状语“overtheyears”可知,句子应用现在完成时。67.答案but解析考查连词。分析句子结构可知,此处是“not...but...”结构,意为“不是……而是……”。68.答案saying解析考查非谓语动词。call和say有逻辑上的主谓关系,所以用动词-ing形式来解释call的内容。69.答案a解析考查冠词。joke是单数可数名词,此处是泛指,所以填a。70.答案wonderful解析考查形容词。所填的词在句中做表语,所以用形容词形式。Passage3(2019·全国3,15分,难度★★)Onourwaytothehouse,itwasraining61.hardthatwecouldn’thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake62.(get)there.ItwasinthemiddleofPearlCity.Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapack63.dogs,seventobeexact.Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters64.hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesand65.(recommend)wonderfulplacestoeat,shop,andvisit.Forbreakfast,wewereabletoeatpapaya(木瓜)andotherfruitsfromtheirtreesinthebackyard.Whentheywerefreefromwork,theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting66.(compete)towatch,togetherwiththestorybehindit.Theyalsosharedwithusmany67.(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwere68.(huge)popularwithtourists.Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,we69.(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,70.(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了“我们”在PearlCity逗留期间的所见所闻。61.答案so解析考查副词。so...that...为固定搭配,意为“如此……以至于……”。62.答案toget解析考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式短语表示目的。63.答案of解析考查介词。apackof为固定短语,意为“一群”。64.答案who解析考查定语从句。先行词masters指人,并且引导词在从句中做主语。因此用关系代词who。65.答案recommended解析考查动词的时态。此句为and连接的并列句,前后时态一致,故用一般过去时态。66.答案competition解析考查名词。所填的词由冠词an修饰,故用compete的名词形式。67.答案traditional解析考查形容词。空格后为名词stories,应用形容词来修饰。68.答案hugely解析考查副词。所填的词修饰形容词popular,故用副词形式。69.答案wereinvited解析考查动词的时态和语态。句中时间状语为Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,又因为主语we与所给动词invite之间为被动关系,故用一般过去时态的被动形式。70.答案listening解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,此处做伴随状语;另外,所填的词与下文的meeting为并列关系,故用动词-ing形式。Passage4(2019·浙江,15分,难度★★)Thereareseve