非限定性分句

从属结构（二）非限定性分句（Non-finiteClause）一.不定式分句的句法功能•作主语：ToacceptthejobwouldmeanmovingtoFlorida.•作宾语和宾语补语：Hepromisedtostoptakingdrugs.Iadvisedhimtotakeataxi,orhemightbelate.•作状语（目的、结果、原因）：•表示目的Heopenedthewindow(soas/inorder)togetsomefreshair.•表示结果Itwastoocoldforustogoout.Hehurriedhomeonlytofindthathisfatherwasdead.•表示原因Iamdelightedtoknowthatyouhavegotajob.Itrembledtothinkofthemisfortune.二、-ing分词分句的句法功能Generallyspeaking,thisbookisnotverydifficult.•作主语Flyingaplaneisdangerous.•作宾语Ilikegettingupearly.•作宾语补语ItaughthimspeakingEnglish.•作时间状语Climbingtothetopofthetower,wesawamagnificentview.•作原因状语Beingahardworkingyoungman,heispraisedbyallhisfellowworkers.•作条件状语Youwillmakeyourselfmoretired,keepingonyourfeet.•作让步状语Knowingallthis,theystillinsistedonmypayingforthedamage.•作结果状语Itrainedheavily,causingseverefloodinginthatarea.三、-ed分词分句的句法功能•作后置定语Oneofthehouseswreckedbythestormbelongedtomygrandfather.•作时间状语Heated,themetalexpands.•作原因状语Deeplymoved,hethankedheragainandagain.•作条件状语United,westand;divided,wefall.•表示伴随状况HewenttoBeijingthatwinter,disguisedasmerchant.•作让步状语Beatenbythepoliceandsenttojail,Gandhi（甘地）inventedtheprincipleofnonviolentresistance.(非暴力抵抗主义)莫罕达斯·卡拉姆昌德·甘地（英文：MohandasKaramchandGandhi；1869年10月2日－1948年1月30日），尊称圣雄甘地，是印度民族主义运动和国大党领袖。他既是印度的国父，也是印度最伟大的政治领袖。他带领国家迈向独立，脱离英国的殖民统治。他的“非暴力反抗”的主张，也就是他说的“nonviolentprotest”，影响了全世界的民族主义者和那些争取和平变革的国际运动。四、无动词分句无动词分句，就结构模式来说，分为不带从属连词、带有从属连词和带有自己主语三类:1.不带从属连词的无动词分句由形容词表示：Speechless,VictorHenrynoddedandsatonafoldingseat.Rightorwrong,Ihavegivenhimapieceofmind(坦率的话，心里话).由名词词组表示：Bankloanornobankloan,we’llbuythehouse.2.带有从属连词的无动词分句：从属连词+名词词组Whateverthereason,hiscordialitytoherwonhimafriend.从属连词+形容词词组Althoughalwayshelpful,hewasnotmuchlikedbythepeople.从属连词+介词词组Whetherbyaccidentorbydesign,hearrivedtoolatetohelpus.从属连词+副词词组Hespokeungraciously,ifnotrudely.3.带有自己主语的无动词分句带有自己主语的无动词分句也是一种“独立结构”。构成：名词词组+名词词组/介词词组/形容词词组/副词词组Twohundredpeoplediedintheaccident,manyofthemchildren.Breakfastover,hewenttohiscountinghouse.五、独立结构absoluteconstruction独立主格结构有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词(主语)，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)（非限定分句）或形容词、副词、或介词短语（无动词分句）。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是完整的句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。表示时间Themeetingbeingover,allofuswenthome.开完会后我们都回家了。Herworkdone,shesatdownforacupoftea.她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。表示条件Theconditionbeingfavorable,hemaysucceed.若条件有利，他或许能成功。表示原因Therebeingnotaxis,wehadtowalk.没有出租车，我们只好步行。Hewrappedherupwithgreatcare,thenightbeingdarkandfrosty.夜又黑又冷，所以他把她裹得严严实实的。表示伴随情况Almostallmetalsaregoodconductors,silverbeingthebestofall.几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。独立结构(无动词结构):主语+形容词Anairaccidenthappenedtotheplane,nobodyalive.那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。Somanypeopleabsent,themeetinghadtobecalledoff.这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。主语+副词Heputonhissweaterwrongsideout.他把毛衣穿反了。Themeetingover,theyallwenthome.会议一结束，他们就都回家了。主语+介词短语Theboygoestotheclassroom,bookinhand.那男孩手里拿着书去教室。Marywassittingnearthefire,herbacktowardsthedoor.玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。Therebeing+名词（代词）Therebeingnothingelsetodo,wewenthome.没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。Therebeingnofurtherbusiness,Ideclarethemeetingclosed.没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。Itbeing+名词（代词）ItbeingChristmas,thegovernmentofficeswereclosed.由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息了。Itbeingaholiday,alltheshopswereshut.由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。独立主格结构可装换成with复合结构：由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词：1.with或without-名词/代词+形容词；2.with或without-名词/代词+副词；3.with或without-名词/代词+介词短语；4.with或without-名词/代词+动词不定式；5.with或without-名词/代词+分词。Don’tsleepwiththewindowsopen.Hewaslyingonthebedwithallhisclotheson.Shecameinwithabookinherhand.Hefellasleepwiththelampburning.Iwon’tbeabletogoonholidaywithmymotherbeingill.Hesattherewithhiseyesclosed.Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked.Ican’tgooutwithalltheseclothestowash.Notfarfromtheschooltherewasagarden,____ownerseatedinitplayingchesswithhislittlegrandsoneveryafternoon.A.itsB.whoseC.whichD.thatHewrotealotofnovels,manyof____translatedintoforeignlanguages.A.itB.themC.whichD.thatHewrotealotofnovels,manyof____weretranslatedintoforeignlanguages.A.itB.themC.whichD.thatBACHewrotealotofnovels,andmanyof____weretranslatedintoforeignlanguages.A.itB.themC.whichD.thatBThereImetseveralpeople,twoof_____wereforeigners.A.whichB.whomC.whoD.thatThereImetseveralpeople,andtwoof___wereforeigners.A.whichB.themC.whomD.thatThereImetseveralpeople,twoof__beingforeigners.A.whichB.themC.whomD.thatBBB