高中英语语法宾语补足语

整理文档很辛苦,赏杯茶钱您下走!

免费阅读已结束,点击下载阅读编辑剩下 ...

阅读已结束,您可以下载文档离线阅读编辑

资源描述

-1-1宾语补足语讲解一、定义宾语补足语通常紧跟在宾语之后,对宾语进行补充说明。二、句子结构是主+谓+宾+宾补三、两种结构1.主表型:1)makeourcountrybeautiful(adjective)2)callhimLaoLi(noun)3)findsb.out(adv.)4)findsb.athome(Prep.phrase)2.主谓型:1)asksb.todosth.(有to不定式)2)havesb.dosth.(无to不定式)3)seesb.doingsth.(现在分词)4)havesth.done.(过去分词)四、什么动词后可有宾语补足语1.在表示心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语。这类动词有:consider,think,believe,discover,find,imagine,judge,suppose,prove等。这类动词后的不定式通常是tobe+形容词或名词结构,think,consider,find后的tobe常可省略。如:Weconsiderhim(tobe)agoodteacher.我们认为他是一个好老师。Heprovedthattheory(tobe)veryimportant.他证明那个理论是很重要的。Ithoughther(tobe)niceandhonestthefirsttimeImether.我第一次见到她的时候就认为她人很好,很诚实。2.在表示情感状态的动词后作宾语补足语。这类动词有:love,like,prefer,hate,want,wish,expect等。如:I'dpreferyoutoleavehimalone.我希望你不要打扰他。Idon'twanttheretobeanytrouble.我不想有任何麻烦。3.注意:hope,demand,suggest等动词后面不能接不定式作宾语补足语。如:Ihopeyoucangivemeahand.我希望你能帮我一把。Iwishyoutogivemeahand.我希望你能帮我一把。Herequiredustobepresentatthemeeting.他要求我们出席会议。MrLisuggestedthatsheshouldnotgotherealone.李先生建议她不要独自去那里。五、可作宾语补足语的形式有不定式,现在分词,过去分词,名词,形容,副词,介词短语都能作补语。六、具体说明(一)副词作宾语补足语如:Ifoundhiminyesterday.(二)常接形容词作宾语补足语的动词有:keep,make,find等。如:Wemustkeepourclassroomclean.(三)常接名词作宾语补足语的动词有:call,name,make,think等。如:Wecallthemmooncakes.(四)常接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有:see,watch,hear,find,keep等。-2-2如:Inthecountry,wecanhearbirdssinging.(五)常接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词有:keep,find,leave等。如:Ileftmypenonmydeskathome.(六)不定式作宾语补足语1.常接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask,tell,want,teach,wish,advise,allow,ask,beg,command,tell,invite,force,oblige,get,help,encourage,persuade,permit,remind,request,order,warn,cause等;如:Sheoftenasksmetohelpher.Wedon'tallowsuchthingstohappenagain.Mostoftheparentsagreetoforbidtheirchildrentosmoke.Sheaskedmetoanswerthephoneinherabsence.Pleaseremindmetoleaveherthisnote.Sherequestedhimtogowithher.2.接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:see,watch,hear,make,let等。如:Ioftenseehimplayfootball.3.用不定式作宾语补足语的几种说明:①help后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式可以带to也可以不带to。如:Ioftenhelpmymother(to)dosomehousework.②一些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to,这些动词有:一感二听三让四观看。一感:feel;二听:hear,listento;三让:let,have,make;四观看:observe,see,watch,lookat。③在使役动词后作宾语补足语,不定式不带to。这类动词还有:make,let,have等。转为被动语态时,其后通常都用带to的不定式(have没有被动语态)。如:Whatwouldyouhavemedo?你要我做什么?Shemadehimgiveupsmoking.她让他戒了烟。Lethimdowhateverhewishestodo.他想干什么就让他干吧。Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesistercry,todayhewasmadetocrybyhislittlesister.虽然经常是他弄哭小妹妹,但今天他却被小妹妹弄哭了。4.掌握“使役动词have+宾语+过去分词”的几种含义在“have+宾语+过去分词”结构中,过去分词作宾语补足语,have也可用get。这一结构具有以下几种含义:①意为“主语请别人做某事”。例如:如:Hewantstohavehiseyesexaminedtomorrow.他明天想去检查眼睛。(“检查”的动作由医生来进行)②意为“主语遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不测的事情”。例如:如:Becareful,oryou'llhaveyourhandshurt.当心,否则会弄伤手的。③意为“使完成某事”,事情既可以是别人做完,也可以由主语参与完成。如:Hehadthewallspaintedthismorning.他今早把墙漆了。(主语自己可能参与)④动词不定式也可作一些短语动词的宾语补足语。如:I'mwaitingforJamestoarrive.我正等着詹姆斯的到来。He'sarrangedforacartopickthemupatthestation.他已安排了一辆汽车去车站接他们。TheUNhascalledonbothsidestoobservetheceasefire.联合国号召交战双方遵守停火协定。-3-3(七)分词作宾语补足语用现在分词作宾补,说明宾语是动作的发出者,形成逻辑上的主谓关系;用过去分词作宾补,表示宾语是动作的承受者,构成逻辑上的动宾关系。1.跟分词作宾补的动词有:catch,haveget,keep,hear,find,feel,leave,make,want,start,notice,observe,watch,set等。如:Therewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldn’tmakehimselfheard.由于十分吵闹,讲话人没法让人听到他的声音。Whenheawoke,hefoundhimselfbeinglookedafterbyanoldwoman.他醒来的时候发现一位老大娘正在照顾他。2.几种用过去分词作宾语补足语的情况说明:①表示“意欲;命令”的动词如like,want,wish,order等,可用过去分词作宾语补足语。如:Thefatherwantshisdaughtertaughtthepiano.这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。②感官动词see,hear,notice,observe,watch,feel,find等后,可用过去分词作宾语补足语。如:Isawanoldmanknockeddownbyacarjustnow.刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。③使役动词have,get,make,leave,keep等后,可用过去分词作宾语补足语。如:Haveyougotyourfilmsdeveloped?你拿胶卷去冲洗了没有?④“with+宾语+过去分词”结构中,过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。如:Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后。(表方式)Withwaterheated,wecanseethesteam.水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气。(表条件)Withthemattersettled,weallwenthome.事情得到解决,我们都回家了。(表原因)【练习题】A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout2.----There’saholeinyourbag.----Iknow,I’mgoingtohaveit_____.A.mendB.mendingC.mendedD.tobemended3.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister____,todayhewasmade____byhislittlesister.A.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.tocry;cry4.Theywouldnotallowhim_____acrosstheenemyline.A.toriskgoingB.riskingtogoC.forrisktogoD.riskgoing5.Ifoundthedoor_____whenIgothome.A.openedB.closeC.unlockingD.open6.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim___.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoD.donotto7.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise____.A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon8.Withalotofdifficultproblems_____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled9.Iadvised_____atonce.A.himtostartingB.himtostartC.tostartingD.tostart10.WhenIputmyhandonhischest,Icouldfeelhisheartstill____.A.beatB.tobebeatingC.beatingD.wasbeating-4-411.Youhadbettergetadoctor_____yourbadtooth.A.pulloutB.topulloutC.pulledoutD.pullingout12.Hemanagedtomakehimselfwithhis____English.A.understand;breakingB.understand;brokenC.understood;breakingD.understood;broken13.Thedoctoraskedhimnottoleavehiswound______.A.exposeB.exposedC.toexposeD.exposing14.Theyaregoingtohavetheserviceman____anelectricfanintheofficetomorrow.A.installB.toinstallC.tobeinstalledD.installed15.Afterafew

1 / 6
下载文档,编辑使用

©2015-2020 m.777doc.com 三七文档.

备案号:鲁ICP备2024069028号-1 客服联系 QQ:2149211541

×
保存成功