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SpecializedEnglishforChemistryIntroduction1.DifferencebetweenPublicEnglishandSpecializedEnglish2.Contents:*ReadingSkills*TranslatingSkills*LiteratureSearching*WritingSkills科技文章文体的特点是：清晰、准确、精练、严密。一、大量使用名词化结构因为科技文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切、信息量大、强调存在的事实。二、广泛使用被动语句科技英语中的谓语至少三分之一是被动态。例如：Attentionmustbepaidtotheworkingtemperatureofthemachine.应当注意机器的工作温度。而很少说：Youmustpayattentiontotheworkingtemperatureofthemachine.你们必须注意机器的工作温度。此外，科技文章将主要信息前置，放在主语部份。这也是广泛使用被动态的主要原因。三、非限定动词使用分词短语代替定语从句或状语从句；使用分词独立结构代替状语从句或并列分句；使用不定式短语代替各种从句；介词+动名词短语代替定语从句或状语从句。这样可缩短句子，又比较醒目。Adirectcurrentisacurrentflowingalwaysinthesamedirection.直流电是一种总是沿同一方向流动的电流。Radiatingfromtheearth,heatcausesaircurrentstorise.热量由地球辐射出来时，使得气流上升。四、后置定语大量使用后置定语也是科技文章的特点之一。Inradiation,thermalenergyistransformedintoradiantenergy,similarinnaturetolight.热能在辐射时，转换成性质与光相似的辐射能。Theheatproducedisequaltotheelectricalenergywasted.产生的热量等于浪费了的电能。Themoleculesexertforcesuponeachother,whichdependuponthedistancebetweenthem.分子相互间都存在着力的作用，该力的大小取决于它们之间的距离。五、常用句型科技文章中经常使用若干特定的句型，从而形成科技文体区别于其他文体的标志。例如It---that---结构句型；被动态结构句型；分词短语结构句型，省略句结构句型等。Itwasnotuntilthe19thcenturythatheatwasconsideredasaformofenergy.直到十九世纪人们才认识到热是能量的一种形式。Comparedwithhydrogen,oxygenisnearly16timesasheavy.氧与氢比较，重量大约是它的十六倍。Icekeepsthesametemperaturewhilemelting.冰在溶化时，其温度保持不变。Allsubstances,whethergaseous,liquidorsolid,aremadeofatoms.一切物质，不论是气态、液态，还是固态，都由原子组成。七、复合词与缩略词大量使用复合词与缩略词是科技文章的特点之一，复合词从过去的双词组合发展到多词组合；缩略词趋向于任意构词。feed-back反馈（双词合成名词）work-harden加工硬化（双词合成词）hard–to-separateMEK甲乙酮六、长句为了表述一个复杂概念，使之逻辑严密，结构紧凑，科技文章中往往出现许多长句。有的长句多达七八十个词。colorimeter色度计ft(foot/feet)英尺full-enclosed全封闭的ContentsChapter1NomenclatureofInorganicCompoundsChapter2NomenclatureofOrganicCompoundsTwosystemsofnamingcompounds：customarynames，IPUPACRules（theInternationalUnionofPureandAppliedChemistry）Twosystemsofnamingcompounds•H2OWaterCaOquicklime•NH3AmmoniaCaCO3limestone•Hg2Cl2CalomelCuICuI2FeBr2FeBr3SnCl2SnCl4CuprousiodideCupriciodideFerrousbromideFerricbromideStannouschlorideStannicchlorideCopper(I)iodideCopper(II)iodideIron(II)bromideIron(III)bromideTin(II)chorideTin(IV)chloride6.hex(a)-(sex(a)-);7.hept(a)-(sept(a)-);8.oct(a)-;9.non(a)-;10.dec(a)-1.mono-;2.di-;3.tri-;4.tetra-;5.penta-;词首：mono-,di-,tri-,tetra-,penta-一，二，三，四，五hexa-,hepta-,octa-,nona-,deca-六七八九十meth-,eth-,prop-,but-,pent-,hex-,甲乙丙丁戊已hept-,oct-,non-,dec-,cyclo-,poly-庚辛壬葵环聚常用数字前缀：Chapter1NomenclatureofInorganicCompoundsTable1SomeCommonIons1+2+ammoniumNH4+copper(I)Cu+hydrogenH+potassiumk+silverAg+sodiumNa+bariumBa2+calciumCa2+chromium(II)Cr2+copper(II)Cu2+iron(II)Fe2+lead(II)Pb2+Table1SomeCommonIons2+3+magnesiumMg2+manganese(II)Mn2+mercury(II)Hg2+mercury(I)Hg22+tin(II)Sn2+strontium['strɔntiəm]Sr2+zincZn2+aluminumAl3+chromium(III)Cr3+iron(III)Fe3+Table1SomeCommonIons3-2-arsenateAsO43-arseniteAsO33-phosphatePO43-phosphitePO33-carbonateCO32-chromateCrO42-dichromateCr2O72-oxalateC2O42-oxideO2-sulfideS2-sulfateSO42-sulfiteSO32-Table1SomeCommonIons1-1-bromideBr-chlorideCl-cyanideCN-hydrideH-hydroxideOH-fluorideF-iodideI-hydrogensulfiteHSO3-chloriteClO2-hypochloriteClO-nitriteNO2-iodateIO3-nitrateNO3-acetateC2H3O2-chlorateClO3-Table1SomeCommonIons1-1-hydrogencarbonateHCO3-(bicarbonate)hydrogensulfateHSO4-nitrateNO3-perchlorateClO4-permanganateMnO4-Table2Namesofsomemetaloxides,bases,andsaltsFeOFe2O3iron(II)oxideiron(III)oxideferrousoxideferricoxideSn(OH)2Sn(OH)4tin(II)hydroxidetin(IV)hydroxidestannoushydroxidestannichydroxideHg2SO4HgSO4mercury(I)sulfatemercury(II)sulfatemercuroussulfatemercuricsulfateNaClOsodiumhypochloritesodiumhypochloriteK2Cr2O7potassiumdichromatepotassiumdichromateCu2(AsO4)2copper(II)arsenatecupricarsenateCr(C2H3O2)3chromium(II)acetatechromicacetateTable3NamesofoxyanionsFewestOxygenAtomshypo—iteFewerOxygenAtoms—itehypochloriteClO-hypobromiteBrO-hypoioditeIO-hypophosphitePO23-chloriteClO2-bromiteBrO2-ioditeIO2-phosphitePO33-nitritNO2-sulfiteSO32-Table3NamesofoxyanionsMoreOxygenAtoms—ateMostOxygenAtomsPer—atechlorateClO3-bromateBrO3-iodateIO3-phosphatePO43-nitrateNO3-sulfateSO42-carbonateCO32-perchlorateClO4-perbromateBrO4-periodateIO4-Table4NamesofsomenonmetaloxidesFormulaCOCO2SO3N2O3P2O5Cl2O7carbon(II)oxidecarbon(IV)oxidesulfur(IV)oxidenitrogen(III)oxidephosphorus(V)oxidechlorine(VII)oxidecarbonmonoxidecarbondioxidesulfurtrioxidedinitrogentrioxidediphosphorus-pentoxidedichlorineheptoxideTable5NamesofsomeacidsFormulaofacidAcidIoninTable1NameofAcidHC2H3O2H2CO3HClO2HClO4HCNHBrH4SiO4H3AsO4HMnO4acetateC2H3O2-carbonateCO32-chloriteClO2-perchlorateClO4-cyanideCN-bromideBr-silicateSiO44-arsenateAsO43-permanganateMnO4-AceticacidcarbonicacidchlorousacidperchloricacidhydrocyanicacidhydrobromicacidsilicicacidarsenicacidpermanganicacidThioacidsthio-indicatesthereplacementofoxygenbysulfur.thiosulfurousacid硫代亚硫酸thiosulfuricacid硫代硫酸thiocyanicacid硫氰酸monothiophosphoricacid单硫代磷酸dithiophosphoricacid二硫代磷酸trithiocarbonicacid三硫代碳酸H2S2O2H2S2O3HSCOH3PO3SH3PO2S2H2CS3AcidandBasicsaltsAsaltcontainingacidichydrogenistermedanacidsalt.Na2HPO4NaH2PO4Na3PO4NaHCO3Ca(HSO3)2disodiumhydrogenphosphatebi-sodiumdihydrogenph