初中英语名词复习课件.ppt

第一讲名词Noun知识网络名词名词的分类专有名词普通名词可数名词规则变化不规则变化不可数名词：不可数名词的量名词所有格所有格的构成所有格的用法名词双重所有格名词的句法作用：作主语、宾语、定语等普通名词专有名词（人名、地名）可数名词不可数名词名词名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词。名词可数名词个体名词：chair，book集体名词：people，family不可数名词物质名词：rain，ice，sunshine抽象名词：love，knowledge考点一名词的分类名词单数的表达一般可用a，an，one来修饰注：a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前*abook*anEnglishbook*anhourflowerflowers找规律,总结规则watchesfactory-factoriesleaf--leavesboxes名词的复数形式1.规则变化(1)一般在复数名词后加“s”/s/or/z/*dog–dogs*book–books(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加“es”/iz/*box–boxes*watch–watches(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“es”/iz/*country–countries*factory–factories请区别：如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词则只须加“s”*boy–boysholiday-holidays*monkey–monkeys(4)以f、fe结尾的名词,变f、fe为v再加“es”/vz/*half–halves*shelf–shelves*knife–knives*leaf–leaves找规律tomatoespotatoesheroes英雄想吃马铃薯和西红柿pianos(5)以o结尾的名词,一般情况加s,读作/z/.potato，tomato，hero除外*piano–pianos*zoo–zoospotato–potatoestomato–tomatoeschild--childrenwoman--womensheepman--men2.不规则变化(1)单复数同形Chinese–Chinesefish–fishJapanese–Japanesesheep–sheep(2)变元音字母oo为eetooth–teethfoot–feet(3).变man为menman–menwoman–womenpoliceman–policemenFrenchman–Frenchmen请区别：German(德国人)–Germans(“中日”不变“英法”变，其余s加后面)(4).常以复数形式出现的名词peopleclothesshoestrousersglasses这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数*Myclothesarenewerthanyours.3.可数名词可以被a,an,one,two以及howmany，many，afew，few，any，lotsof,alotof，some等修饰*Thereareafewpeopleinthepark.*Howmanyknivesarethereinyourpencil-box?1.Several_____aretalkingunderthetree．Andtheyaretalkingabout______.A．woman;childrenB．woman;childC．women;children2.Therearethreeinmyfamily.A.peopleB.personC.child3.Some______cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.GermaniesCAA4.Inthepicturetherearemany______andtwo_______.A.sheeps;knifesB.sheeps;knifeC.sheep;knivesD.sheep;knife5.Therearefour_______andtwo_______inthegroup.A.Japanese，GermenB.Japaneses，GermenC.Japanese，GermanD.Japanese，GermansDC★不可数名词物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词如:water，rice，fish，meat等。workchalktimespacemusicmoneyweatherhomeworkwoodinformationnewsmedicine1.单个的不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数*Somebreadisoverthere.*Nonewsisgoodnews.2.不可数名词不能直接被a,an,one,two等修饰，常用howmuch,much,alittle,little,alotof,lotsof,some,any等修饰*Theyhadmuchmoney.*Hedoeslittlehouseworkathome.*arice(X)twobread(X)3.可数名词和不可数名词都可以用单位+of+名词表达量，但单位后面的可数名词用复数，不可数名词形式不变*abagofapples*apieceofpaper*threeglassesoforange4.有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同glass(玻璃)–aglass(玻璃杯)work(工作)–awork(著作)time(时间)–times(次数)1.Pleasegiveme______paper.A.oneB.apiecesC.apieceD.apieceof2.Thistableismadeof_______.A.manyglassB.someglassesC.glassesD.glass3.—WhatcanIdoforyou,sir?—I'dliketwo_________.A.bottleofmilkB.bottlesofmilksC.bottlesofmilkD.bottleofmilks4.Wecandotheworkbetterwith______moneyand________people.A.less,fewerB.fewer,lessC.little,littleD.few,fewDDCA名词所有格表示名词间的所有关系“…的”一.名词所有格的构成方法1.一般情况下，在有生命的名词后加“’s”Kangkang’sfatherLucy’sbook2.以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“’”即可Teachers’officeTheGreens’house3.不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加“’s”*Children’sDay*men’sshoes4.无生命名词的所有关系用of加名词，构成所属关系的短语*thecolorofthewall*apictureoftheclassroomthenameofthezoo动物园的名字thefrontwalloftheclassroom教室的前墙3．双重所有格：即of＋'s或of＋名词性物主代词，如：abookofmydaughter's我女儿的一本书Thefriendofhisisverykind.他的朋友非常友好。1.June1stis____Day.AlltheChildrenenjoyitverymuch.A.ChildrenB.Childrens’C.Children’sD.Child2.Thetwobedroomarethe____.A.twinsB.twin’sC.twins’D.twinsCC重难点突破小组讨论以下练习的答案并说明其原因•Ourhospitalneedstwo___doctors,Mrs.Li.Youcanaskyoursontohaveatry.A.womenB.manC.womanD.menD★名词的用法1.修饰另一名词时,一般用单数*Therearethreebananatreesoverthere.2.manwoman用做定语时,应与后面的名词保持数的一致*Weneedamanteacher.*Theyareallwomenworkers.3.sports,clothes做定语时,仍用复数形式*asportsstar*aclothesshop2.Thispairofshorts___tooexpensive.Ican’tafford____.A.are,themB.are,itC.is,themD.is,it重难点突破C当出现“单位+of+名词”时，谓语动词应根据“单位”的单复数决定。Thispairofshoesisnice.比较：Theshoesarenice.Herearetwopiecesofnews.比较：Thenewsiswonderful.3.Themodelplanewasmadebya____boy.A.ten-years-oldB.ten-year-olderC.ten-year-oldD.ten-yearold重难点突破C5.WhereisTom?---Hehasgonetothe_____.A.teacherB.teachersC.teacher’sD.teachers’重难点突破D★名词所有格的几个注意点可用名词所有格表示地点,地点名词习惯上省略*myaunt’s(home）(我姑姑家）*gototheteachers’(office）(去老师办公室）6.Lucyis____sister.A.MaryandJackB.Mary’sandJack’sC.MaryandJacksD.MaryandJack’s重难点突破D8.It’s____fromourschooltomyhome.A.tenminutes’walkB.tenminute’swalkC.tenminutewalkD.tenminuteswalk重难点突破A名词所有格（’s）也可以用于无生命的东西，主要用于时间，度量衡等名词之后twomonths’vacationamile’sdistance此表达可以和合成形容词互换twomonths’vacation=two-monthvacation1.Couldyoupleasegetmesome________?I’mhungry.（2011年重庆中考第24题）A.appleB.waterC.breadD.egg2.Somethingiswrongwithmy___.Ican’tseeanythingaroundme.（2010年重庆中考第22题）A.noseB.earsC.eyesD.mouth3.Mr.Whitehasabeautifulgardenwithmany______init.（2009年重庆中考第23题）A.flowersB.grassC.villagesD.water直击中考CCA4.---Howfarisyourcousin’shomefromhere?---It’sabouttwo______drive.（2009年重庆中考第34题）A.hour’sB.hoursC.hours’D.hour5.YaoMingdidagoodjobinthebasketballmatchyesterday.Heismyfavorite______（2008年重庆中考第25题）A.workerB.teacherC.dancerD.player直击中考CD6.Allthe______teachersenjoyedthemselvesonMarch8th，becauseitwastheirownholiday.（2007年重庆中考第24题）A．manB.menC.womanD.women直击中考D4.复合名词的复数形式有两种(1)将主体词变为复数，如：sister­in­law→sisters­in­law(嫂子)boyclas