常考有机化学方程式

有机化学方程式大全1.甲烷与氯气CH4+Cl2CH3Cl+HClCH3Cl+Cl2CH2Cl2+HClCH2Cl2+Cl2CHCl3+HClCHCl3+Cl2CCl4+HCl2.乙烯实验室制法（浓硫酸作催化剂，脱水剂）CH3CH2OHH2O+CH2=CH2↑3.乙烯通入溴水中CH2=CH2+Br2CH2BrCH2Br4．乙烯和HBr的反应CH2=CH2+HBr催化剂CH3CH2Br5.乙烯水化制乙醇CH2=CH2+H2OCH3CH2OH6.制取聚乙烯、聚丙烯nCH2=CH2催化剂nCH3–CH=CH2催化剂CH37.乙炔的制取CaC2+2H2OCa(OH)2+↑8.由乙炔制聚氯乙烯+HClH2C=CHClnH2C=CHCl催化剂9.苯与液溴反应（需铁作催化剂）+Br2+HBr10.苯的硝化反应+HNO3+H2O11.苯与氢气加成生成环己烷+3H2催化剂△12.甲苯发生硝化反应CH2－CH2nBrFe浓H2SO455-60℃—NO2CH3––NO2|NO2O2N––CH3|催化剂△HC≡CHHC≡CHCH－CH2nClCH－CH2n+3HONO2浓硫酸△+3H2O13.溴乙烷水解CH3CH2Br+NaOHCH3CH2OH+NaBr14.溴乙烷消去反应CH3CH2Br+NaOHCH2=CH2+NaBr+H2O15.乙醇与钠反应2CH3CH2OH+2Na2CH3CH2ONa+H2↑16.乙醇催化氧化2CH3CH2OH+O22CH3CHO+2H2O17．乙醇脱水（分子间、分子内）CH3CH2OHH2O+CH2=CH2↑2CH3CH2OHH2O+CH3CH2OCH2CH318.苯酚与氢氧化钠溶液反应+NaOH+H2O19.苯酚钠溶液中通入二氧化碳+CO2+H2O+NaHCO320.苯酚的定性检验定量测定方法：+3Br2↓+3HBr21.丙醛制1-丙醇CH3CH2CHO+H2催化剂△CH3CH2CH2OH22.乙醛制乙酸2CH3CHO+O2催化剂△2CH3COOH23.乙醛的银镜反应CH3CHO+2Ag(NH3)2OHH2O+2Ag↓+3NH3+CH3COONH4甲醛的银镜反应HCHO+4Ag(NH3)2OH2H2O+4Ag↓+6NH3+（NH4）2CO324.乙醛与新制氢氧化铜悬浊液CH3CHO+2Cu(OH)2Cu2O↓+2H2O+CH3COOHH2OCu△—OH—ONa—ONa—OH––Br|BrBr––OH|OH|醇△浓H2SO4140℃25.乙酸与氢氧化铜悬浊液2CH3COOH+Cu(OH)2=(CH3COO)2Cu+2H2O26.乙酸乙酯制取（用饱和碳酸钠溶液收集）CH3COOH+CH3CH2OHCH3COOC2H5+H2O27.葡萄糖与银氨溶液CH2OH（CHOH）4CHO+2Ag(NH3)2OHH2O+2Ag↓+3NH3+CH2OH（CHOH）4COONH428.蔗糖水解方程式C12H22O11+H2O催化剂C6H12O6+C6H12O6蔗糖葡萄糖果糖29.麦芽糖水解方程式C12H22O11+H2O催化剂2C6H12O6麦芽糖葡萄糖30.淀粉水解(C6H10O5)n+nH2O催化剂nC6H12O6淀粉葡萄糖31.硬脂酸甘油酯皂化反应+3NaOH3C17H35COONa+浓硫酸△CH2–OH|CH–OH|CH2–OHC17H35COO─CH2C17H35COO─CHC17H35COO─CH2