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1.ManydifferentpeoplecontributedtothedevelopmentofTV.contribute:verb1)捐助，贡献Cometothemeetingifyoufeelyouhavesomethingtocontribute.Herfamilyhavecontributed£50,000tothefund.2）投稿Shecontributestoseveralmagazines.contributetosth.有助于，成为……的原因Smokingcertainlycontributedtohisearlydeath.注意：以下短语中“to”是介词，后接名词或动名词：lookforwardto;taketo;referto;get/beusedto;be/get/becomeaccustomedto;leadto;contributeto；devoteto;payattentionto;getdownto;beaddictedto;thekeyto…1.(2007上海)______hereferredtoinhisarticlewasunknowntothegeneralreader.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhetherD.Where2.(2007浙江)Wefirmlybelievethatwarneversettlesanything.Itonly_____violence.A.runsintoB.comesfromC.leadstoD.beginswithBC3.(2005上海春)Accustomedto_______thesteepmountains,hehadnodifficultyreachingthetop.A.climbingB.climbC.havingclimbedD.haveclimbed4.(2002北京)—Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?—Thekey_______theproblemistomeetthedemand______bythecustomers.A.tosolving;makingB.tosolving;madeC.tosolve;makingD.tosolve;madeAB2.Altogether,threemencouldberesponsible.Altogether,总共，总而言之That’llbe£52.50altogether,please.Thegovernmentoughttoabolishthetaxaltogether.It’sallrightworkingwithhim,butlivingwithhimwouldbeadifferentmatteraltogether.I’mnotaltogethersureIwantthat(=Ihavedoubtsaboutit).2)responsibleadj.对……负责Whoisresponsibleforthisterriblemess?Lastmonth’sbadweatherwasresponsibleforthecropfailure.beresponsibleforsb./sth./doingsth.对……应付责任Paulisdirectlyresponsiblefortheefficientrunningoftheoffice.Herdepartmentisresponsibleforoverseeingthecouncils.beresponsibletosb./sth.InAustralia,thePrimeMinisterandtheCabinetofMinistersareresponsibletotheHouseofRepresentatives.responsibilityn.责任Shetakesherresponsibilitiesasanurseveryseriously.haveresponsibilityWhohasresponsibilityhere?Jenny,youhaveresponsibilityforclearinguptheroomaftertheclass.Ittookmorethantwodecades,though,until1951,forcolourbroadcaststobeginintheUSA.但是彩色电视节目一直到1951年才得以在美国开播,这其间一共尽力了二十多年的时间.thoughconj.1)虽然Shehasn‘tphoned,eventhoughshesaidshewould.2)但是They'recomingnextweek,thoughIdon'tknowwhichday.adv.despitethis:可是,不过Wewereatschooltogether.Ihaven'tseenherforyearsthough.asif/though似乎,仿佛Shelookedasifshe'dhadsomebadnews.IfeltasthoughI'dbeenlyinginthesunforhours.TheystaredatmeasifIwascrazy.eventhough尽管Eventhoughheleftschoolat16,hestillmanagedtobecomeprimeminister.1.______hehaslimitedtechnicalknowledge,theoldworkerhasalotofexperience.(2006全国I）A.SinceB.UnlessC.AsD.Although2.Though______money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.（2002上海）A.lackedB.lackingofC.lackingD.lackedin3.---HowiseverythinggoingonwithyouinEurope?---Quitewell.NotsosmoothlyasIhoped,_______.(2005江苏)A.thoughB.insteadC.eitherD.too4.SomeconsiderdigitalTVtobesuperiortosatelliteTVbecauseitallowsthesameservicestobedeliveredwithclearerpicturesthanbefore.1)considerverb考虑,仔细考虑We’reconsideringsellingthehouse.She’sbeingconsideredforthejob.I’dlikesometimetoconsiderbeforeImakeadecision.verb考虑到,顾及You’vegottoconsiderthetimeelementwhenplanningthewholeproject.Ifyouconsiderhowlonghe'sbeenlearningthepiano,he’snotverygood.verb认为……(后面通常接名词，动名词或者符合宾语)Heiscurrentlyconsidered(tobe)thebestBritishathlete.Wedon’tconsiderhersuitableforthejob.Itisconsideredbadmannersinsomeculturestospeakwithyourmouthfulloffood.Sheconsiders(that)shehasdoneenoughtohelpalready.considerationnoun[CorU]顾及Itmaybefairlycheaptobuy,butyou’vegottotakeintoconsiderationthemoneyyou’llspendonrepairs.Comfort/Safetyisanimportantconsideration.noun[U]考虑Aftersomeconsideration,we’vedecidedtosellthehouse.Thewholematterneeds(tobegiven)carefulconsideration.2.(2004北京)Nowthatsheisoutofajob,Lucy_____goingbacktoschool,butshehasn’tdecidedyet.A.hadconsideredB.hasbeenconsideringC.consideredD.isgoingtoconsider1.(2007全国卷Ⅱ)Whydon’tyoujust____yourownbusinessandleavemealone?A.makeB.openC.considerD.mindDAbesuperiorto：betterinqualityorvalue“比……好,比…..强”；地位高的；高傲的；自大的•在我看来,手工制作的裤子要比机器加工的好.•就这两本书而言,我认为这本比那本更好.•这家西餐馆比我们上星期去的那一家好。Inmyopinion,trousersmadebyhandaresuperiortothosemadebymachines.Ofthetwobooks,Ithinkthisoneissuperiortothat.Thiswesternrestaurantissuperiortotheonewewenttolastweek.3)allowv.[T]允许[+toinfinitive]DoyouthinkDadwillallowyoutogotoJamie'sparty?You’renotallowedtotalkduringtheexam.[+ingformofverb]Smokingisnotallowedinthisrestaurant.[+twoobjects]Hedidn’tallowusenoughtimetofinishthetest.Atthattime,therecordplayerhadtobewoundupbyhandandonlyplayedarecordfortwominutes.(lines31-32)•windn.风，气流,打嗝•windv.(wound,wound)toturnortwist•蜿蜒缠绕,上发条，卷起Thenursewoundabandagearoundmyfingersothatbleedingcouldbestopped.Remembertowind（up）theclockeverynightbeforeyougotobedifyoudonotwantittostop.Thelittleboywoundhisarmsaroundhismother’swaistandpreventedherleaving.4．Atthattime,therecordplayerhadtobewoundupbyhandandonlyplayedarecordfortwominutes.当时的唱机是手摇的，而且只能播放两分钟的录像。handn.[S]帮助[+ingformofverb]Wouldyoulikeahandcarryingthosebags?Couldyougive/lendmeahandwith(=helpmetomove)thetable,please?2.Itiscertainthathewill__________hisbusinesstohissonwhenhegetsold.(2004福建)A．takeoverB．thinkoverC．handoverD．gooverhandsth.in上交Haveyouhandedinyourhistoryessayyet?I'vede