稠油油藏提高采收率技术进展

稠油油藏提高采收率技术进展张朝晖摘要经过上个世纪对常规稀油资源的过度开采和消耗，使得常规稀油储量日益减少。在这样的大背景下，非常规石油资源以其储量巨大、分布集中等特点，随着勘探开发技术的日趋进步，在石油工业中的地位和作用越来越重要。研究稠油油藏提高采收率技术进展，为提高稠油采收率技术的开发提供新的思路，这对加快我国提高采收率技术研究步伐有着极其重要的推动作用。本文通过对国内外稠油基本概况及提高稠油采收率技术进展的调研，对蒸汽吞吐、蒸汽驱、火烧油层、蒸汽辅助重力泄油、蒸汽萃取、化学驱、稠油出砂冷采及利用微生物开采等技术进行了系统的探讨。分析了各种方法的采油机理和工艺，总结了它们的特点及所适用油藏的标准。结合现场实施效果，发现问题，提出解决问题的方案。同时，对目前稠油开采领域一些正在发展中的声波采油、人工地震等采油技术进行了归纳和总结。关键词：稠油油藏；采收率；EORABSTRACTTheexcessiveexploitationandconsumptionoflightoilresourcesinthelastcenturymakesconventionallightoilreservesdwindling.Onthesuchbackground,non-conventionaloilresources,whichisenormousandfocus,hasbecomeincreasinglyimportantalongwiththeincreasingexplorationanddevelopmenttechnology.TheresearchonEORtechnologyofheavyoilreservoirprovidesanewconceptofheavyoilexploration,whichacceleratesthepaceoftheresearchontechnologyinChina.Thispaperinvestigatedthebasicprofileofheavyoilandthedevelopmentofheavyoilrecoverytechnologyathomeandabroad,discussedthetechnologyofsteamstimulation,steamflooding,combustioninsitu,steam-assistedgravityoilspills,steamextraction,chemicalflooding,sandwellcoldproductionofheacyoilandtheuseofmicro-organisms,analysedproductionmechanismandprocessofvariousmethods,summedupthecharacteristicsandtheapplicablestandardofthereservoir.Combinedwiththeimplementationatsite,problemswereidentifiedandsolutionsarealsoproposedtosolvethem.Meanwhile,itsummarizedandsummedupsomecurrentmethodsofheavyoilfieldbeingdeveloped,suchasacousticproductiontechnology,artificialseismictechnologyetc.Keywords:heavyoil;oilrecovery;EOR目录前言.........................................................1第1章稠油油藏概述...........................................31.1稠油的定义及划分标准.....................................31.1.1稠油的定义............................................31.1.2国内外稠油的划分标准..................................31.2稠油的特点...............................................41.3国内外稠油油藏分布.......................................41.3.1国外稠油油藏分布......................................41.3.2国内稠油油藏分布......................................51.4国内外提高稠油采收率技术开发情况.........................51.5本章小结.................................................6第2章提高稠油采收率的主要方法和机理.........................72.1注蒸汽热采技术...........................................72.1.1蒸汽吞吐..............................................72.1.2蒸汽驱................................................92.1.3注蒸汽热采技术存在问题及解决办法.....................102.2火烧油层技术............................................132.2.1火烧油层采油机理.....................................132.2.2火烧油层采油技术工艺.................................142.2.3火烧油层采油技术进展.................................142.2.4火烧油层采油技术特点.................................152.2.5火烧油层技术油藏筛选标准.............................152.2.6火烧油层采油技术存在问题及解决办法...................162.3蒸汽辅助重力泄油技术....................................162.3.1蒸汽辅助重力驱采油机理...............................162.3.2蒸汽辅助重力驱采油技术工艺...........................162.3.3蒸汽辅助重力驱采油技术进展...........................172.3.4蒸汽辅助重力泄油技术特点.............................182.3.5蒸汽辅助重力泄油油藏筛选标准.........................192.3.6蒸汽辅助重力泄油技术存在问题及解决办法...............192.4蒸汽萃取技术............................................202.4.1基本概念.............................................202.4.2蒸汽萃取采油机理.....................................202.4.3蒸汽萃取采油技术工艺.................................202.4.4蒸汽萃取技术特点.....................................202.4.5蒸汽萃取技术进展.....................................212.5化学驱..................................................222.5.1化学驱国内外研究情况.................................222.5.2复合驱...............................................242.5.3非凝析气相泡沫调驱技术...............................302.6注氮气与蒸汽提高稠油采收率..............................312.6.1注氮气与蒸汽提高稠油采收率机理.......................312.6.2注氮气与蒸汽提高稠油采收率效果.......................322.7微生物采油技术..........................................332.7.1稠油微生物开采基本方法...............................332.7.2稠油微生物开采主要机理...............................342.7.3稠油微生物开采技术研究...............................342.7.4稠油微生物开采技术的应用.............................352.7.5稠油微生物开采技术的优势及问题.......................362.8稠油出砂冷采............................................372.8.1稠油出砂冷采的含义...................................372.8.2出砂冷采机理分析.....................................372.8.3稠油出砂冷采技术油藏条件.............................382.8.4影响出砂冷采效果分析.................................392.8.5出砂冷采的关键技术和存在的问题.......................402.8.6出砂冷采技术进展.....................................412.9本章小结................................................43第3章提高稠油采收率的其它方法..............................443.1尿素溶液蒸汽开采........................................443.2声波采油技术............................................453.2.1电脉冲仪冲击声波采油技术.............................453.2.2低频声波采油技术.....................................463.2.3超声波采油技术.......................................463.3人工地震法采油技术......................................463.3.1震动加快了地层中流体的流速...........................473.3.2动能降低稠油粘度，改善流动性能.......................473.3.3振动具有改善岩石表面润湿性的作用.....................473.4井下催化反应法..........................................473.5电加热杆开采稠油技术...................................