中美司法制度的不同(英文版)

What??What'sthedifferencebetweentheAmericanjudicialsystemandtheChineseone??DIFFERENCEBetweenthelawyersBetweenthedisposingoftestimonyBetweenthejurysystemBetweenthejudgesystemBetweentheinterviewwithwitnessDifferencebetweenthelawyersThedifferencebetweentypesThedifferencebetweenrightsThedifferencebetweenprofessionalrequirementsTypesLawyerinlawofficeAmericaPubliclawyerPrivatelawyerAmericaPubliclawyerChinaProfessionallawyerPart-timelawyerRightsAmerica•lawyershaveanirreplaceableeffect.•NoonebutonlylawyerswithlocallicensehavetherightofadvocacyandappealChina•Citizenscanhavetherightofadvocacywithoutcharginganyagencyfee.ProfessionalRequirementsAmerica•everystateshaveitsownlaw•nounifiedlawyers’qualificationtest.•DifferentstateshavedifferentrequirementChina•Unifiedlawyers’qualificationtestDifferencebetweenthedisposingoftestimonyCollectingExpositingAffirmingLawyersJuryInChina,theprocedureofcollectingiscalled“TestimonyAcceptance”•Evidencesareprovidedmandatorilywithcertainconditions•Thewayevidencesiscollectedispassive•LawyersmayseizesomeresponsibilityfromthejudgeThedifferencesofJurySystem•NO1.connotation•NO2.thequalificationofthejurors•NO3.Scopeofapplication•NO4.Juryselection•NO5.thetermofofficeofthejurorsThedifferencesofJurySystem•America:•是指特定人数的有选举权的公民参与决定是否起诉嫌犯、并对案件作出判决的制度。•China:•是中国的一项基本诉讼制度，是指国家审判机关吸收普通公民参与刑事、民事、行政案件审判的制度。■NO1.connotationThedifferencesofJurySystem•America:•从理论上讲，每个美国成年公民都有担任陪审员的资格。•但是不满21岁、不在本土居住、不通晓英语及听力有缺陷的人、有犯罪前科者，没有资格充当陪审团成员。•China:•中国公民；拥护宪法；满23周岁；品行良好、公道正派；身体健康；一般应具有大学专科以上文化程度。•人民代表大会常务委员会的组成人员，人民法院、人民检察院、公安机关、国家安全机关、司法行政机关的工作人员和执业律师等人员，以及因犯罪受过刑事处罚的人员和被开除公职的人员，不得担任人民陪审员。■NO2.thequalificationofthejurorsThedifferencesofJurySystem•America:•isaconstitutionalsystem•appliestothetrialandtheprosecution•China:•isalitigationsystem•onlyappliestothetrial,notincludingtheprosecutionNO3.ScopeofapplicationThedifferencesofJurySystem■NO4.Juryselection•America：•经过以下程序•1、法官从当地选民中随机挑选一定数量的人，写信询问是否可担任本案陪审员。•2、问卷方式审查是否具备本案陪审员的资格。•3、通过“二选”的人在指定时间接受“庭选法官对候选人提问之后要做出决定。•China：•通过一定程序的考核并经过权力机关的任命赋予陪审员以权力。•选任的人民陪审员要经过一定的法律专业知识培训。•在具体个案的审理时由法院从适格的陪审员名单中随机抽取确定。ThedifferencesofJurySystemNO5.thetermofofficeofthejurors•America:•Usually,they’re“temporaryworkers”andareonlyinvolvedinonecase•Havenowage•China:•Thetermofofficeis5years•Wage:600—1000permonthThedifferences123Judge’sselectionsystemJudge’ssecuritysystemJudge’sdisciplinarysystemJudge’sselectionsystem•U.S.citizens•graduatefromoneAmericanuniversitylawschoolandacquireaJDdegree•workedasalawyerforanumberofyears.•atleast23yearsold;•ownsalegalprofessionalbachelor’sdegreeoraboveornon-legalprofessionalbachelor’sdegreebuthavelegalprofessionalknowledge,haveonetothreeyears’legalpractice•passtheNationalJudicialExaminationJudge’ssecuritysystem•lifelongtenure•setuphighsalarysystem•thejudges'behaviorandaddressintheprocesstoperformtheirjudicialfunctionarefreefromaccusation•notregulatethetermofofficeofjudgesandalsodidn’tlistthereasonsforremovaldefinitely•judges’materialtreatmentgenerallyappliedtothesamestandardwiththeordinarystaffJudge’sdisciplinarysystem•madeaspeciallaw•ithavetherighttowarnorstoptheworkofthejustice,buthavenorighttodeprivethejudgequalification.•iftheviolationconstitutesacrime,thejudgeshouldundertakecriminalresponsibility.•Thesanctionscontain:warning,demerit,seriousdemerit,demotion,removalfromoffice•atthesametime,lowerwagesandgrades.5.Thewitness证人出庭制度•America:•forcethewitnesstotestifyincourt.•China:•Undervolitionalcontrolwhethertoappearincourtasawitness.•Non-mandatory.如果证人拒不出庭作证，对拒绝作证的证人可以逮捕，必要时可以处以藐视法庭罪。Thequalificationofwitness•America:•noclearconcept•Anyonewhocanprovideinformationrelevanttothecaseinalitigation(诉讼)iscalledwitness•Includingthelitigant(当事人）andexpertwitness(专家证人）•China:•Thethirdpersonexceptthesubjectoflitigation(诉讼主体以外的第三人）•Excludingthelitigantandexpertwitness(鉴定人）•我国法律，甚至司法解释中都没有证人宣誓制度的规定。TheOathSystem(宣誓制度）•指在法庭审理中，在证人作证之前，应先向法庭宣誓，保证自己如实陈述自己知道的事实。《美国联邦证据规则》第603条规定：“在作证前，应通过旨在唤醒该证人的良知、使他想起应该这样做的责任的宣誓或郑重声明的方式，要求每个证人宣布他将真实作证。”THANKYOU!!