The Humanistic Learning Theory

TheHumanisticLearningTheory第十四周12英本2班陈余23111202005宋红侠23111202011孔德睿23111202015胡宇23111202004黄煌23111202038黄精花23111202018陈晓芸23111202039郭梅81611102033DefinitionHumanism,aparadigmthatemergedinthe1960s,focusesonthehumanfreedom,dignity,andpotential.Aceentralassumptionofhumanism,accordingtoHuitt(2001),isthatpeopleactwithintentionalityandvalues.Humanistsalsobelievethatitisnecessarytostudythepersonasawhole,especiallyasanindividualgrowsanddevelopsoverthelifespan.Itfollowsthatthestudyoftheself,motivation,andgoalsareareasofparticularinterest.Humsnistlanguagelearningrespectstheintegrityoflearners,allowingforpersonalgrowthandresponsibility,takingpsychologicalandaffectivefactorsintoaccountandrepresentingwhole-personlearning.Maslow'sTheoryHierarchyofbasichumanneedsFromhisownpsychoanalyticresearchandthatofothers,heposfulatescertainhumanneedsandarrangestheminahierarchy,whichrepresentshisviewofpersonality.Hedistinguishestwomajorsetsofhumanneeds,thecognitiveandthebasic.HierarchyofbasichumanneedsHumanisticpsychologyItisanapproachtopersonalgrowth,psychotherapy,andhumanexperienceinwhichtheindividualisconsideredconsciousandresponsible.Itbeginsasareactiontopsychoanalysisandbehaviorism.Itrecognizesman-in-personasopposedtoman-in-general,emphrasizingthehumanpersonandtheindividualinhiswholenessanduniqueness.CarlRogersHesuggeststhsthumanbeingsperceivetheirexperienceasrealityandrespondtothisperceivedrealityinawaywhichhelpstheindividualtoself-actualization.Rogersstudiesthewholepersonprimarilyasanemotionalbeingsandbelievesthatthepersonplacesemphasisonwhathethinksishappeningandnotonwhatinhappening.CarlRogersandothershavedevelopedthetheoryoffacilitativelearning.Thebasicpremiseofthistheoryisthatlearningwilloccurbytheeducatoractingasafacilitator,thatisbyestablishinganatmosphereinwhichlearnersfeelcomfortabletoconsidernewideasandarenotthreatenedbyexternalfactors(Laird1985.)Rogerstheorycanemphasizes:1.Fullrespectforaclient(learner)asaresponsiblepersonandtrustinhisabilitytoachievehisgoal;2.Importanceofpersonalrelationshipbetweendoctorandpatient(teacherandstudent)andtheirmutualunderstanding.Accordingtohistheory,thegoalofeducationisthefacilitationofchangeandlearning.Thefocusisawayfromteachingandtowardslearning.BrownsuggeststhatinadaptingRogers'ideastolanguageteachingandlearning,weneedstofocusonthesethreepoints:Thelearnerisanorganismwhoneedstounderstandhimselfandcommunicatethisselftoothersfreelyandnon-defensively.Theteacherasafacilitatormust,therefore,providethenurturingcontextforlearning.Classroomactivitiesandmaterialsinlanguagelearningshouldthereforeutilizemeaningcontextsofgenuinecommunicationwithpersonstogetherengagedintheprocessofbecomingpersons.Student-centeredclassWhatisthestudent-centeredclass?1.S-clearningisanapproachtoeducationfocusingonthestudents,ratherthanthoseinvolvedintheeducationalprogress.2.S-clearningisfocusedonthestudent'sneeds,abilities,interestsandlearningstyleswiththeteacherasafacilitatoroflearning.3Thisclassroomteachingmethodacknowledgesstudentvoiceascentraltothelearningexperienceforeverylearner.Improvementofstudents'learningmethodsThetaskofteachersistohelpstudentsdecidewhattolearn,howtomasterthelearningcontent,andwhatordertotake.Studentsshouldbegivensomeopportunitytomodify,tothinkandtodevelopbythemselves.ReflectionItisbothusefulandhelpfulforustoexaminethistheorycritically.Whilehumanistlearnertheoryhaswonalotsupport,therearestillsomescholars,tosomeextent,whohasexpressedtheirdisagreement.Sointhissection,wewilldiscussthistheoryfrombothsides---thepositiveandnegativeside.Positive1.Itisnecessarytoestablishalearner-centeredconcept,whichcouldpromotethedevelopmentofstudent'spotential.2.Teachingcontentshouldbecloselyrelatedtothereality,sothatstudentswilllovelearnig.3.Teachingmethodshouldfocusonstimulatingstudent'smotivation,whichcouldattractmorelearnerstoparticipateinclassroomactivities.4.Thereshouldbeaharmoniousrelationshipbetweenstudentsandteachers.Negative1.Humanistlearningtheoryoverphasizesthenaturalfactorsofhumannature,ignoringthedecisivesignifacanceofsocialenvironmentandsocialpracticeintheformationanddevelopmentofhumannature.2.Itoverphasizestheimportanceofthelearnerandindividualvalue,placingself-awarenceandself-realizationabovecommunitylaws,eventhehumansociety.3.Itoverphasizestheroleoflearnerintheprocessoflearning,ignoringthecriticalrolethateducatorplays.