GPS信号实时处理系统设计与实现

上海交通大学硕士学位论文GPS信号实时处理系统设计与实现姓名：滕依良申请学位级别：硕士专业：微电子学与固体电子学指导教师：李振波20090101IGPS(GlobalPositioningSystem,GPS)GPSGPSFPGAARMGPSGPSGPSMatlabGPSSystemC/TLMFPGA12ARMGPSGPS12GPSSystemCFPGAARMIIGPSReal-TimeProcessingSystemDesign&ImplementationABSTRACTGlobalPostioningSystem(GPS)isareal-timenavigatingandpositioningsatellitessystemforsea,landandairspaceapplication.ItsapplicationgvalueandmarketdemandsaremuchgreaterandmanycompaniesandresearchinstitutearenowfocusingonthedevelopmentandverificationofGPSsignalprocessingalgorithm.TheGPSsystemarchitectureandsignalprocessingalgorithmareresearchedinthispaper.AGPSreal-timeprocessingsystembasedonFPGAandARMmicrocontrollerisimplemented,withmodulization,programmableandportableforbothsoftwareandhardwaremodules.Firstly,theGPSsystemarchitectureandsignalstructurearedescribedandMatlabisadoptedtorealizedthesignalprocessingalgorithmforfeasibilityverification.AsystemarchitecturehasbeenbuiltupwithSystemC/TLMtohelpanalyzethepossiblehardwareandsoftwaremodulespartition.Thehardwaremodulesarethengraduallyrefinedtoregistertransferlevel(RTL).The12-channeldigitalcorrelatorisimplementedinFPGAandanARMmicro-processorisusedtoprocessthebasebandcorrelationdata.Theacquisitionloop,pull-inloopandtrackingloophavealsobeendescribed.Thepaperfocusesonthedesignofthe12-channeldigitalcorrelatorandbasebandprocessingloop.Somedetailedesignandfunctiontestresultsaredescribed.Finally,thereal-timerunningresultsareillustratedandanalyzed.Keywords:GPSSystemCSimulationFPGAARMAcquisitionTracking20092220092220092211.1GPS(GlobalPositioningSystem,GPS)70[1][2]203001994GPS28(24+4),4Block12BlockA12BlockRGPSGPS(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(1)(2)(3)1-1(1)GPS(2)24424556420,2001158GPS2412GPSPRN()GPSGPS(3)GPSGPS1-1GPSFig.1-1GPSsystemstructure1.2GPSGPSGPSGPSGPSGPSGPSGPSASICGPS——3——————GPSGLONASSGPSFieldProgrammableGateArray,FPGAARMAdvancedRISCMachines32RISCGPSFPGAGPSARM————GPSAMRFPGAGPS1-2GPSFig.1-2GPSsignalprocessingplatformFPGAARMGPSUNSWSNAP4NICTAALTERAFPGAGPS1.3GPSGPSCDMACodeDivisionMultipleAccessCDMACDMACDMA60()()()()()GPSCarrierC/AcodePcodeDcodeGPSL1L2C/APC/AGPSC/A1023msC/APRNC/AL1);cos()()()sin()()()(11111ϕϕ+++=twtCtDAtwtPtDAtSLiicLiipL(1-1)GPSDopple5GPSGPSGPSC/AC/A20PP21-3GPSFig.1-3PrincipleofGPSpositioningiititututGPSGPSTGPS,uiiit∆ub;;uuuiiibTttTt+=∆+=(1-2))(iuittCP−=)]()[(iiuutTbTC∆+−+=6)()(iuiutbCTTC∆−+−=RtbCRiu∆+∆−+=)((1-3)CRiR∆it∆ubuiibRtCRP.C.+=∆+∆−uiuiuiubzzyyxx.C)()()(222+−+−+−=(1-4)uiix,y,zubGPSGPS2D()3D()GPSGPSGP2015FPGA12ARM7SRAMGPI/OXilinxFPGAFLASHUARTRTCARM7SRAMUSBJTAGZarlinkGP201510MHzTCXORF1575.42MHz1-4GPSFig.1-4HardwarearchitectureofGPSsystemFPGA12ARMFPGAVerilogHDL1.2.3.4.C/A5.6.7.8.ARM-FPGAARMARMC/C++1.BOOT-LOADER2.123.FIQ4.5.6.7.MFC81.2.3.1.4FPGAARMGPSGPSGPSGPSGPSGPSGPSFFTGPSC/AGPSGPSMatlabSystemCFPGAGPSFPGA12ARMGPSGPSARM,9GPS2.1GPS2.1.1GPSGPS(D(t))C/APL1L2f0=10.23MHz[3]GPSL1L2L1fo=10.23MHz1541575.42MHz19.03cmL21201227.6MHz24.42cm347.82MHzL228.3%[4]C/APC/APRNmGoldG[5]Gm2m12−=nNm,NGGPSC/A10231msms/1023=0.97751711us,293mC/APRNC/A,L1PPC/AP10MHzC/A0.1C/AC/APPPL1L21500bit50bit/s30sGPS10GPSL1[6][7]50HzL1);cos()()()sin()()()(11111ϕϕ+++=twtCtDAtwtPtDAtSLiicLiipL(2-1)L2P);cos()()()(222ϕ+=twtDtPBtSLiipL(2-2)pA,pB,cAPC/A,)(),(tCtPii(P)(C/A);)(tDi1Lw2LwL1L21ϕ2ϕf0/1050Hz1000Hzf0C/A+P(Y)P(Y)+120f0154f0X1X1X120X154+10PYC/A+20-3dB-6dBBPSKBPSKBPSK90deg50bpsF0=10.22999999543MHzL21227.6MHzL11575.42MHz2-1GPSFig.2-1GPSsignalstructureandmixtureGPSL1C/AL1112-2GPSFig.2-2IllustrationofGPSsignalmodulationGPSGPSGPSGPS2.1.2GPSGPSC/A,GPSFFT122.1.2.1GPSonechip2-2Fig.2-2AutocorrelationresultofPRNcode2-3Fig.2-3AutocorrelationresultofPRNcode01000200030004000500060000100020003000400050006000-2-1.5-1-0.500.511.52-0.500.511.5201chip-1chip1codeoffset132-4Fig.2-4CrosscorrelationresultofPRNcodeGPSC/AL11575.42MHz10KHzC/AC/A[8][9][10]10KHz500Hz405.714MHzC/A57145714*5714*40=1E901000200030004000500060000100020003000400050006000142.1.2.2FFTVanneeFFTDFT1,...,1,0,;].[]}[{][102−===∑−=−NknenxnxDFTkXNmnNjkπ(2-3)DFT][].[]}[{]}.[{]][[][].[][]}[*][{2)(2101010210kYkXnyDFTkxDFTeemnymxemnymxnynxDFTmNjkmnNjkNnNmNmnNjkNn==−=−=−−−−=−=−=−−=∑∑∑∑πππ(2-4)∑−=+=10][][][Nmmnymxnz(2-5)DFT:][].[]}[{]}.[{]]][[][][][]}[{][**2)(2101021010kXkYnyDFTnxDFTeemnymxemnymxnzDFTkZmNjkmnNjkNmNnnNjkNmNn==+=+==+−−=−=−−=−=∑∑∑∑πππ(2-6)|]}[].[{||]}[{||]}[|*11kxkYDFTkZDFTnz−−==(2-7)(2-7)C/AFFTInverseFFT15C/A[11][12]FFTIFFT2-5GPSFig.2-5DiagramofGPSsignalacquisitionNFFTONlogN500Hz5.714MHzFFT3*5714*log5714*40=1E63GPSFFT2.1.3GPSGPS,C/AIFwGPS[13][14]);cos()()()sin()()()(11ϕϕ+++=nwnCnDAnwnPnDAnSIFiicIFiipIF(2-8))cos(nwIF)sin(nwIF16);cos()sin()()()2cos()()(5.0[)cos()()(5.0)cos()sin()()()]cos()2)[cos(()(5.0)cos()cos()()()cos()sin()()()(111111111nwnwnPnDAnwnCnDAnCnDAnwnwnPnDAnwnCnDAnwnwnCnDAnwnwnPnDAnSIFIFiipIFiiciicIFIFiipIFiicIFIFiicIFIFiipϕϕϕϕϕϕϕϕ++++=++++=+++=(2-9))];sin()sin()()()2sin()()(5.0[)sin()()(5.0)sin()sin()()()]sin()2)[sin(()(5.0)sin()cos()()()sin()sin()()()(211111111nwnwnPnDAnwnCnDAnCnDAnwnwnPnDAnwnCnDAnwnwnCnDAnwnwnPnDAnSIFIFiipIFiiciicIFIFiipIFiicIFIFiicIFIFiipϕϕϕϕϕϕϕϕ++++−=++−+=+++=(2-10);)cos()(5.0)}()]cos