U1新世纪英语PPT

Thepurposetolearnthisunit:toknowwhatdefinitionis;toenjoytwoessayswrittenintherhetoricalmodeofdefinition:tolearnsomeusefulwordsandexpressions;tolearntoanalyzeanessay;tosumupthegeneralideaofanessay;tolearnhowtowriteintherhetoricalmodeofdefinition•Whatisdefinition?–astatementoftheexactmeaningofaword,especiallyinadictionary/anexactstatementordescriptionofthenature,scope,ormeaningofsomething•Thegoalsofdefinition:–Toestablishmeaningandprovidecommonunderstanding;–tomotivatereaderstoacceptaparticularpointofviewofanissueorproblem.•Thetypesofdefinitions:–Standarddefinitions;–Regulatorydefinition;–Evolvingdefinitions;–Qualifyingdefinitions;–Culturaldefinitions;–Personaldefinitions.Text:TheCompanyManBeforeReading_ProverbsandQuotationsProverbsandQuotations1.AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy;allplayandnoworkmakesJackamereboy.只工作，不玩耍，聪明孩子要变傻；只玩耍，不学习，聪明孩子没出息。2.Todogreatworkamanmustbeveryidleaswellasveryindustrious.—SamuelBubler,Americaneducator要从事伟大的工作，一个人必须既非常勤劳又非常懒散。——美国教育家S·勃特勒3.Businesssweetenspleasure,andlaboursweetensrest.工作后消遣更愉快，劳动后休息更舒畅。BeforeReading_ProverbsandQuotations44.Oneofthesymptomsofapproachingnervousbreakdownisthebeliefthatone’sworkisterriblyimportant,andthattotakeaholidaywouldbringallkindsofdisaster.IfIwereamedicalman,Ishouldprescribeaholidaytomanypatientswhoconsideredhisworkimportant.—Russell,Britishphilosopher神经即将崩溃的症状之一是相信自己的工作极端重要，而休假将会带来种种灾难。如果我是医生，我给这样的病人开的药方是：休假。——英国哲学家罗素ProverbsandQuotationsDoyouknowthemeaningofalcoholic?Whatcanyouthinkofwhenyouheartheword—alcoholic?FigureoutthemeaningofworkaholicalcoholicwhiskyalcoholdrunkaddictiondrunkarddipsomaniacwinedrinkerThebuildingofworkaholicworkaholic:apersonwhocompulsivelyworksexcessivelyhardandunusuallylonghoursworkaholicworkalcoholicTheOriginofWorkaholicBeforeReading_4.1TimeDevelopmentIn1891Inthe1960sTheuseof“workaholic”promptedmanywriterstostartusingthesuffixes“-aholic”,“-holic”,or“-oholic”todescribe“all-consumingobsessions”.More“-holic”wordsappeared.In1968In1971Inthe1970sAlcoholicisfirstattested.Awholenewcategoryoftaking“-holic”asasuffixmeaning“addict”followed.Workaholicwasfirstannounced.TheOriginofWorkaholicBeforeReading_4.2Alcoholic,theparentofalladdictivewords,hasbeenwithusforoveracentury.Itwasfirstattestedin1891.Inthe1960s,someonehadtheideaoftaking“-holic”asasuffixmeaning“addict”,andawholenewcategoryofaddictionsfollowed.Oneofthefirstandmostimportantis“workaholic”,whichwasannouncedin1968.Theappearanceof“workaholic”inabooknamedConfessionsofaWorkaholicin1971propelledthattermandpromptedmanywriterstostartusingthesuffixes“-aholic”,“-holic”,or“-oholic”todescribe“all-consumingobsessions”,notallofthemsoserious.Inthe1970s,ifnotobsessedwithwork,wecouldbeaddictedtoplay,asingolfaholic,footballaholic,basketball-oholic,orjustplainleisureholic;tofoods,asinbeefaholic,oricecreamaholic;andtosubstances,asinmariholicformarijuana,andtobaccoholic.AnAmericancouldbeabook-oholic,note-oholic,orphone-oholic.Otherobsessionsforwhichauthorscoinedtermswith“-aholic”inthe1970sincludeworry,news,credit,punning,shopping,andjunk.BeforeReading_5.1ThreeTypesofWorkaholicBehaviorsTypeNameCharacteristicsType1Self-sacrificingWorkaholicType2Type3WithdrawnWorkaholicTheyputthemselveslastandwillgotoanyextremetopleaseandimpressadominant,parent-typepersonatwork.DominantWorkaholicTheydonotcareiftheyareliked,butmustbeseenascompetent.Theycanbeaggressiveandarrogant.Theyseekrespect.Theyprefertoworkalone.Theyworkhardandwanttobeneededandapprovedofaswell,butdonotwanttobecontrolledordominated.Theyprefertokeeptheiremotionaldistancefromothers.ThecharacteristicsofworkaholicbehaviorsBeforeReading_5.2Workaholismisanaddiction,anobsessive-compulsivedisorder,andit’snotthesameasworkinghardorputtinginlonghours.Therearethreedistinctworkaholicbehaviors.Type1istheself-sacrificingworkaholic,whoputsthemselveslastandwillgotoanyextremetopleaseandimpressadominant,parent-typepersonatwork.Type2isthedominantworkaholic,whodoesnotcareiftheyareliked,butmustbeseenascompetent.Theycanbeaggressiveandarrogant.Theyseekrespect.Type3isthewithdrawnworkaholic,whopreferstoworkalone.Theyworkhardandwanttobeneededandapprovedofaswell,butdonotwanttobecontrolledordominated.Theyprefertokeeptheiremotionaldistancefromothers.Allthethreeworkaholictypesfearrejection,criticismandabandonmentandreactindifferentwayswhentheyfeelthreatened.Theonecommonthreadthatrunsthroughallthreetypesistheneedtocontrol—boththemselvesandothers.BeforeReading_6.1Whatisthedistinctionbetweenworkinghardandbeingaworkaholic?Workinghardinvolvesbeing,,,.Workaholics,ontheotherhand,areoften,…organized________focused________gettingalotofworkdone_______________________knowingwhentostopandhavingalifeoutoftheirwork__________________________________________________disorganized____________alwaysfindreasonstoworkmore_________________________________TellthedifferencebetweenworkinghardandworkaholicDoyouknowhowmanykindsofpersonalitytypes?•TypeA:Apersonalitytypecharacterizedbyambition,highenergy,andcompetitiveness,andthoughttobesusceptibletostressandheartdisease.TypeAindividualsareof